EMPTY PLACE of SOLUTCH(1980) is the story of a village family in the period of Land Reform in Iran (1960-1970). Apart from other versions of historical and interpretive concerning this crucial part of the contemporary history of Iran, the image that the novel designs of this socio-historical phenomenon could be useful and remarkable. Since, according to the approach socio-criticism, literature is particularly regarded as a valuable and credible witness for the representation of social reality, we will seek to check the status of agrarian reform and social mutations that it has generated, through the prism of the analysis of a major element of this novel; the description of space and landscape. French: Le reel social a travers la description de l’espace et du paysage dansLa PLACE vide de SOLUTCH La PLACE vide de SOLUTCH (1980) est l’histoire d’une famille villageoise pendant la periode de la reforme agraire en Iran (1960- 1970). L’image que propose le roman de cette epoque importante de l’Iran contemporain vient completer, d’une maniere interessante, celle que nous donne l’histoire. En effet, l’approche sociocritique nous apprend que le texte litteraire est un temoin credible pour la representation du reel social. Dans cette optique, nous chercherons a etablir le statut du reel social, par le prisme de l’analyse d’un element majeur du roman dowlatabadien; la description de l’espace et du paysage. key word: La PLACE Vide de SOLUTCH, Sociocritique, Description de l’Espace, Reel Social

Event or Incident is one of the structural elements of the novel that together with other elements such as tension, conflict, anticipation, rising action, climax, and resolution constitute the main body of the plot in the story. In the book“Terminology of the art of story writing”, incident is defined as follows: “Incident is born when at least two things or forces clash. It is a plot component and it drives the plot forward in order to reveal different aspects of the character”. (Mirsadeghi, 1377, p81.) The purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate the depth and quality of the incidents in this novel and also to illustrate the relationship of the events with other components of the story.

Mahmood Dowlatabadi is one of the impressive Iranian novelists, especially in the area of climatic literature. "The EMPTY PLACE of Salouch" is his first novel. This novel deserves an extensive investigation in different aspects such as linguistic and literary features, sociological and anthropological studies, and narratology. In the present study, the speed of narration in the novel of "The EMPTY PLACE of Salouch" (through using Jerar Janet’s narratological theory) and the factors which have had a great influence on that have been investigated. The narrative speed and rhythm are one of the most significant components in narration, also one of the most important elements in the form of the plot. The concept of narrative speed reveals how long it has taken for the actions and events to take PLACE in a literary work and regarding this time juncture how much of the book is devoted to them. In most parts of "The EMPTY PLACE of Salouch", the speed is negative, and the narrative speed is slow; but the narrative speed in the whole novel (the main narration) is average since the narrative speed’s increasing and reducing components in this novel are used in a balanced manner, and this feature has caused the adjustment of speed in the whole novel. In fact, the novelist has used certain strategies to increase the motion and to compensate for the lack of motion and the low speed of narration in some parts of the novel. Therefore, this novel, in spite of its low narrative speed, is full of motion, excitement, dynamism and movement, fright and apprehension, and internal and external conflicts. In other words, this novel has a low rhythm and fast dynamism.Hence, this study is an attempt to examine the strategies that the novelist has deployed to increase the motion and dynamism of the narration besides the narrative speed and the factors influencing on that.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: World literature after the Second World War served as a tool for propaganda in the reconstruction of crisis-stricken societies. The description of the forces that are engaged in the construction of society from within, the struggle manifestations of people's lives, the attention to the modern concept of work, as well as the sanctification of populism, paved the way for the birth of a style called socialist realism. This style, which also included the writers' political views, quickly transcended geographical boundaries. The novel was considered by many thought-provoking writers of that time as a suitable vehicle that could contain such concepts and at the same time be the manifestation of society's close interaction with political, social and cultural events. In Iran, Mahmoud Dolatabadi presented significant components of socialist realism with his novel The Vacancy of Salouch. Therefore, the authors of this article, by examining the factors outside the text, ie the context of the situation, which includes the political, social and cultural dimensions of society, prove this claim in Salouch's vacancy in the novel. METHODOLOGY: This research was a descriptive-analytical method. FINDINGS: The content of the novel is a fact that arises from the heart of society, which with the help of the author's honesty has been able to reflect the believable issues of its society well. The image he portrays of the government's ugly and cruel treatment of women and children embodies his critical views, and this makes Dolatabadi a left-wing critic in his novel The Vacancy of Salouch. CONCLUSION: What has intensified the realist aspects of this novel are the objective, accurate and coherent descriptions that the author presents of the conditions of society, class conflicts, landlord and serfdom system, smallholders, land division and the so-called Pahlavi White Revolution in Iranian villages. Of course, this detail owes many years to the author's presence in the lives of ordinary people, so much so that this novel can be considered a real account of the life of the rural class and the Iranian people during the years of tyranny and colonialism of Pahlavi. Keywords: Socialist Realism, Intellectual Content, Style, Contemporary Story, Mahmoud Dolatabadi.

Background: The EMPTY sella syndrome (ESS) is a neurological or pathologic finding in which sella turcica is devoid of pituitary tissue and the subarachnoid space extends into sella turcica, which is either primary or secondary as well as partial and complete. The widespread use of CT scans and MRIs today has made the ESS a common finding in imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the EMPTY sella syndrome. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytic study in which all patients referred to Imam Ali Hospital (Zahedan) for electromagnetic brain imaging (n=1856) were recruited by cross-sectional sampling during the first 6 months from 21 March 2018 to 23 September 2018. Inclusion criteria included the absence of another known problem in the central nervous system and the absence of concurrent underlying disease. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of demographic and related variable to EMPTY sella disorder. Results: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of EMPTY sella was 8. 2% with a mean age of 37. 02± 12. 51 years. 66. 4% of the patients were female. The prevalence of primary EMPTY sella was 78. 9% with a mean age of 34. 51± 11. 26 years. 71. 7% of the patients had partial EMPTY sella. There was a significant difference between the mean age and sex of patients with EMPTY sella and non-EMPTY sella subjects (P=0. 008) and (P<0. 0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean age of affected patients with type of EMPTY sella (P<0. 0001). There was no statistically significant difference between mean age of patients with EMPTY sella and severity of EMPTY sella (P=0. 056). There was no significant difference between the frequency of EMPTY sella type and the severity with gender (P=0. 224) and (P=0. 091). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the overall prevalence of EMPTY sella in the referring patients was relatively low. Most of them were females with primary type and minor severity.

For many centuries the linguists have almost always studied morphology. But with the advent of Transformational Grammar , syntactic studies and the structure of sentences have earned maximum importance, therefore Sentence was the focus of study until 70s , and from then on , little by little linguists have begun to study the structure of NP, and they have found many similarities between NPs , VPs and sentences . The idea of this similarity has led to many comparative studies. The EMPTY Category is one of the arguments discussed in sentence structure and pro /PRO is one of these EMPTY categories. This article intends to indicate the existence of pro/PRO in NPs . Comparing Persian and Italian languages we find the same control properties in sentences.

Case report: We report a case of atypical facial pain in a 16-year-old girl who was admitted to the kashani clinic because of pain in the left side of face, weight loss, and depression. In physical examination, left nasal cavity was wide, inferior turbinate was absent, and a large amount of crust was seen. Brain MRI was normal. In coronal CTscan of Para nasal sinuses, middle turbinate was not seen in the left side, but a small part of inferior turbinate was seen. The diagnosis was EMPTY nose syndrome (ENS) and surgery was done.

Objective: Due to the frequent use of surface electromyography as a tool for the study of muscle function, to accurately compare electromyographic data from different muscles and different subjects, it is necessary to normalize the integrated data obtained from each muscle. The most common normalization technique is the use of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of a predetermined isometric movement as the reference electromyographic signal. The purpose of this study was to determine the Reproducibility of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of shoulder muscles in EMPTY Can position test and the correlation between force and MVIC of shoulder muscles. Materials and Methods: The electromyographic activity of these four muscles (anterior and middle deltoid, upper and lower trapezius) was examined in 20 healthy subjects (10 men and 10 women with 31.25±8.92 age). Muscle force was determined by dynamometer. Each test repeated 3 times. Results: Results showed that same day test retest reliability coefficients were significant (ICC>95%), but separate day test retest reliability coefficients were not significant. Maximum muscle force did not relate to any of muscles MVIC amplitude. Conclusion: Reproducibility results may be due to electrode PLACEment, emotional and physical condition of subjects and the large range of motion of shoulder and compensatory movements of shoulder and trunk.

Direct reference theory, against Frege's and Russell's view, claims that the semantic content of a proper name does not have any description as its sense and that name without any attributive means, i.e. directly, designates its referent, viz., the semantic content of a proper name is its referent. EMPTY proper names create some problems in this theory: Does the sentence which contains such names express any proposition? And can it be believed? Does this kind of sentence have truth values? What about the justification of true negative existential sentences? And, finally, if these sentences lack any semantic content how could their obvious difference in meaning be justified? In this article, I will do a critical investigation of the most important answers to those problems, and will show that, though some of these answers are valuable, they are not complete.