An empirical ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY assessment of nanofluids comprising CuO nanoparticles water-based in different concentrations, particles size and various temperatures of nanofluids has been carried out in this paper. These experimentations have been done in deionized water with nanoparticles sizes such as 89, 95, 100 and 112 nm and concentrations of 0.12 g/l, 0.14 g/l, 0.16 g/l and 0.18 g/l so nanofluids obtain in temperatures such as 25oC, 35oC, 45oC and 50oC for investigation of their ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. It is observed that, in water-based nanofluids, the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY increases with increasing in both nanofluids temperatures and concentration respectively in the range 25-50oC and 0.12-0.18g/l. But in nanoparticles size rising in nanofluids we observe that ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY has a few increase when nanoparticles have 95nm diameters, so decrease for biggest nanoparticles such as 100 and 112nm. It seems that there is an optimum in ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY with resize of nanoparticles.

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a widely used method for measuring the dielectric constant (Ka) and bulk ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (σa) in soils. The TDR- measured σa and Ka can be used to calculate the soil solution ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, (σp). A theoretical model describing a linear relationship between bulk ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, σa, and dielectric constant, Ka, in moist soil was already presented. By using this linear relationship, the pore water ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, σp, can be estimated in a wide range of soil types without soil- specific calibration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the linear model presented previously for TDR. The previous study was on light texture soils but in this study we used clay, clay loam, loam, silty clay and silty clay loam textures. The results showed that the linear model performed well for light texture soils but not for heavy textures. Such poor result for heavy texture is mainly due to this fact that dielectric constant pore water was lower than 80 which was proposed as default by model. This study showed that for heavy texture soils dielectric constant of pore water is smaller than light textured soils.

Polyaniline-cobalt nanocomposites were synthesized bysalt of cobalt with ammonium persulphate as an oxidizing agent and aniline.This paper reports on hydrothermal technique using for synthesis and size control of cobalt nanoparticles in the composite bridge is aniline. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of polyaniline alone in acidic environments, without and with cobalt nanoparticles measured.Increasing amounts of cobalt nanoparticles in the sample equivalent to the highest ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. We also studied morphology of polyanilinecobalt nanocomposite. Sizeofcobalt particles were conformed ~33 nm in the structure of nanocomposite.

This study was designed to experimentally measure the thermal and ELECTRICAL conductivities of Aluminium Nitride/Ethylene Glycol (AlN/EG) nanofluids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the shape of AlN nanoparticles. Nanofluids with different particle volume concentrations of 0. 5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% were utilized. The thermal and ELECTRICAL conductivities of the nanofluids were measured using a KD2-Pro thermal analyser and ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY meter, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the thermal CONDUCTIVITY of the nanofluids increased at the higher volume concentration of the nanoparticles. Thus, at 5% volume concentration, the maximum thermal CONDUCTIVITY enhancement of 25% was obtained. The addition of AlN nanoparticles to the EG base fluid resulted in a significant increase in the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the nanofluid. An enhancement in the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of approximately 520 times relative to the base fluid was attained by loading a 0. 5% volume concentration of AlN in EG at 28° C.

The present research work was aimed at developing conductive polymer-based composites in order to have a higher CONDUCTIVITY than the standard level of the Energy Institute of America. In this case, the composites can be applied to make electrodes. For this purpose, carbon clack particles, carbon nanotube and expanded graphite with different weight percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) were added to the epoxy resin and the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the samples was measured according to the four-point standard method. The average ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY threshold for carbon clack particles, carbon nanotube and expanded graphite was determined at 25, 10, and 15, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of different construction parameters such as the use of vacuum pumps and heating on the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the composite samples was also investigated. The experiments revealed that the use of the vacuum pump increased the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY by 10. 8%, 11. 4% and 9. 6% in carbon black, carbon nanotube, and expanded graphite samples, respectively. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the conductive polymer samples, ten layers of unidirectional carbon fabric were used. The results obtained showed that the use of carbon fibers enhanced the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY by 23. 2%, 27. 3%, and 24. 7% for carbon black, expanded graphite, and carbon nanotube samples, respectively. Ultimately, using the scanned electron microscopy images, the quality of the nanoparticle distribution in the samples was investigated.

The compounds, lanthanium chromite, lanthanium mangenite and lanthanium ferric axide were prepared through sol-gel methods in powdered from, then calcinated, peletized, and sintered at various effectiveness of strontium as a dopant on ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY was also investigated. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY enhancement was observed in dopped compounds.

The nylon and nylon/lycra yarns were coated with ELECTRICALly conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, via chemical polymerization process. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the coated yarns was measured at various strain levels using two-point probe technique and their strain sensitivities were studied. The results showed that, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the coated yarns decreased with an increase in strain level. A sharp decrease in the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the nylon/lycra coated yarn with the strain level was recorded whereas, a small drop in the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of the nylon coated yarn was observed. Linear relationships were found between the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY and length for the nylon and nylon/lycra coated yarns. The polyaniline coated yarns showed higher strain sensitivity compared to polypyrrole coated yarns. Repeatability of the strain sensitivity of the coated yarns was examined and the coated nylon/lycra yarn showed better repeatability compared to that of coated nylon yarn. The coated yarns were proposed as a flexible strain sensor in the field of intelligent materials.

Evaluation of mechanical and ELECTRICAL properties of agricultural products plays an important role in equipment design and optimizing post-harvest operations. Among the crops, tomato and its products are the major processing industries in the world and its economic importance is increasing. Considering the importance of the quality and various post harvesting uses of tomato, the evaluation of mechanical properties including rupture force and deformation and the work done to establish the rupture of two tomato cultivars (Petoearly CH and Newton) were studied under penetration test based on the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. These properties were measured at three levels of 1, 3 and 5 days after harvesting. The evaluated mechanical properties of both cultivars were decreased by increasing the storage time. Interaction of cultivar and time were significant at the 1% level, for all mechanical parameters except the deformation failure in both cultivars. The ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of both cultivars was decreased by increasing the storage time. Interaction of cultivar and time on the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of both cultivars were significant at the 1% level. Significant relationships were found at the 1% level between ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY and mechanical properties except for deformation of Petoearly CH cultivar. Among the mechanical parameters, rupture forces and rupture works of both cultivars were highly correlated with the ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY.