Background and Aim:Although it has been shown an association between atopic disease and asthma, further study is necessary to understand the correlation between asthma and other allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate how much asthma symptoms in the last year can be correlated with ECZEMA and rhinitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed among 13-14 years old children in the city of Birjand in 2002. A total of 3540 students received the ISAAC-video standardized questionnaires to evaluate asthma symptoms and the ISAAC written questionnaire to evaluate ECZEMA and rhinitis. As recommended by the ISAAC committee, the responses to the first three video sequences (wheeze at rest, wheeze during exercise, and nocturnal wheeze) were combined when measuring "current wheeze"(12 month period prevalence of any wheeze). Having had a reported of wheeze in the last 12 months were used as dependent variable in multivariant logistic regression with rhinitis, ECZEMA, sex, family history of asthma, pet ownership high BMI, and second exposure to cigarette smokes as potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of current wheeze, ECZEMA, and rhinitis was 18, 6.8% and 36.6% respectively. The most important factors associated with increased risk of current wheeze were rhinitis, and positive family history for asthma. No significant association between pet ownership, second exposure to cigarette smoke, ECZEMA and BMI >25 and current wheeze was observed in this study. Conclusion: Atopic disorder and asthma have a strong family pattern, but, in relationship between allergy and asthma, allergic rhinitis is the most important as significant risk factor for asthma.

Background: Hand ECZEMA is one of the most common dermatologic diseases requiring treatment but common therapeutics such as corticosteroids and anti-histamines have numerous side effects.So, use of herbal agents, which generally have no major side effects, may be useful especially if their efficacy is established.Malva Sylvestris (MS) is a tropical plant in Iran with cooling characteristics. Hence, in this study, its efficacy in of the treatment of hand ECZEMA was evaluated.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with hand ECZEMA who were visited at Shohada-e Tajrish and Loghman hospitals, Tehran, Iran, between 2006 and 2008, were recruited and divided into two groups. In the first group, MS 4% ointment was applied twice a day and in the other group, placebo ointment was usd. The efficacy and side effects were evaluated three and six weeks after beginning of the treatment.Results: Mean age of the patients was 37.3 years and 35.6 years in MS and placebo groups, respectively (P>0.05). There were no therapeutic adverse effects in the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in all measured scores between two groups in the first and second follow-up sessions (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Malva Sylvestris seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of hand ECZEMA and can be used as an optimal substitute for corticosteroids and antihistamines.

Background&Objectives: Accurate differentiation of ECZEMA and psoriasis can be difficult, especially in areas of palm and sole. This study was designed to evaluate histopathological features and identify statistically significant parameters in distinguishing palmoplantar psoriasis from ECZEMA of these regions in patients referring to Razi Skin Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the patients referring to Razi Skin Hospital were subjected. Biopsies of 36 patients with palmoplantar psoriasis and 16 patients with ECZEMA of these regions were collected from archive of pathology. All of the biopsies were examined blind to the clinical diagnosis by four dermatopathologists separately and data collection forms were completed. Then obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The females were more affected than males. There was no difference on involving palm and sole between psoriasis and ECZEMA. Hypogranulosis (P<0.0001), Monro’s microabscess (P<0.0001), tortuous blood vessels in papillary dermis (P<0.0001), suprapapillary plate thinning (P=0.020), confluent parakeratosis (P=0.044) and spongiform pustule (P=0.047) were found to be statistically significant contributors to the clinicopathological concordance in cases of psoriasis. Plasma mounds (P=0.022) were significantly associated with diagnosis of ECZEMA.Conclusion: Psoriasis was more common than ECZEMA in the palms. Histopathologic finding like hypogranulosis, Monro’s microabscess, and tortuous blood vessels in papillary dermis, suprapapillary plate thinning, confluent parakeratosis and spongiform pustule had significant relationship with psoriasis and might be useful for its diagnosis.

Background: Various environmental factors can induce or exaggerate hand ECZEMA. Objective: Evaluation of patch test results in hand ECZEMA patients. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study 100 patients with hand ECZEMA referred to Loghman Hakim & Booali Hospital in Tehran underwent patch testing with 23 allergens obtained from Hennal Company. Results: 240 positive reactions observed in 86 patients. The most common positive reactions were related to nickel sulfate (30 patients, 13.5%) and potassium dichromate (28 patients, 11.7%). In positive group 28 patients were male and 58 were female. In negative group 3 patients were male and 11 were female (P>0.05). The mean age was 31.7±11.9 years and 24.8± 9.2 years for positive group and negative group, respectively (P<0.05). In positive patch test group 49 patients had subacute and 37 patients had chronic ECZEMA. In negative patch test 11 patients had subacute ECZEMA and 3 patients had chronic ECZEMA (P>0.05). Conclusion: Performing patch test, the allergens involved in hand ECZEMA can be detected. Detecting type of allergens, patients will be able to avoid those materials which can lead to improvement of disease.        

The coronaviruses are the family of single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses which are named because of their crown-shaped glycoprotein envelope structure. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is the “ novel” member of the family and its epidemic spread originated in Wuhan, China via animal-to-human transmission. Similar to the other members of the family, the novel coronavirus causes respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe (1). Thus, it is suggested that COVID-19 transmission is through the respiratory droplets that carry the virus. In special cases, it can also happen via aerosol transmission (2). . . .

Introduction: Wide variations in the prevalence of asthma allergic rhinitis and ECZEMA have been reported in the world, between regions and countries. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) was developed to provide standardized method to ascertain the prevalence of asthma and allergies in different regions. Comparisons of prevalence rates across geographic regions may help to identify factors that influence the development of these conditions in individuals.Methods and Materials: For doing this descriptive study the ISAAC written questionnaire was completed by the parents of 3000 school children aged 6-7 years in Kashan, the central area of Iran, with different geographic and cultural characteristics, during the fall of 1998.Results: The overall cumulative and 12 month prevalence of wheezing were 10.2 percent, 6.9 percent in the girls and 18.2 percent, 13.1 percent in the boys respectively. The prevalence of doctor diagnosed asthma were 1.3 percent and 2.2 percent in the girls and boys. Rhinitis symptoms were reported by 14.7 percent, 16.9 percent and chronic pruritic rashes by 5.1 percent and 8.3 percent of the girls and boys respectively.Conclusion: Allergic disorders are common in this area and prevalence is comparable to other parts of Iran and many other countries. Prevalence of asthma by medical diagnosis is relatively low with respect to other studies performed with the same methodology.

Introduction: Wide variations in the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and ECZEMA have been reported in the world, between regions and countries. The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) was developed to provide standardized method to ascertain the prevalence of asthma and allergies in different regions. Comparisons of prevalence rates across geographic regions may help to identify factors that influence the development of these conditions in individuals. Methods and Materials: For doing this descriptive study the ISAAC written questionnaire was completed by the parents of 3000 school children aged 6-7 years in Kashan, the central area of Iran, with different geographic and cultural characteristics, during the fall of 1998. Results: The overall cumulative and 12 month prevalence of wheezing were 10.2 percent, 6.9 percent in the girls and 18.2 percent, 13.1 percent in the boys respectively. The prevalence of doctor diagnosed asthma were 1.3 percent and 2.2 percent in the girls and boys. Rhinitis symptoms were reported by 14.7 percent, 16.9 percent and chronic pruritic rashes by 5.1 percent and 8.3 percent of the girls and boys respectively. Conclusion: Allergic disorders are common in this area and prevalence is comparable to other parts of Iran and many other countries. Prevalence of asthma by medical diagnosis is relatively low with respect to other studies performed with the same methodology.

Port-wine stain is a congenital vascular malformation originating from superficial dermal vessels which is characterized by ectasia of the capillaries. Currently, pulsed dye laser (PDL) is used to treat these vascular lesions. To date, there are few reports of ECZEMAtous lesions due to PDL. Herein, we report three cases of ECZEMA following PDL, used for treatment of port-wine stain in Razi hospital. Dermatitis following laser therapy is not frequent but may be seen occasionally. Therefore, patients should be informed on the possibility of this adverse effect before instituting the treatment.      

Objective: Allergic diseases are frequent in children and their prevalence and severity differ in different regions of the world. It has been hypothesized that antibiotic use, early in life, may increase the subsequent risk of asthma and other allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the use of antibiotics in the first year of life and the subsequent development of asthma and other allergic symptoms.Methods: In our survey using standardized methods (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), parents of 6-7 year-old children were questioned regarding asthma, allergic rhinitis and ECZEMA symptoms in their children.Findings: The prevalence of ever wheezing, wheezing during past 12 months and exercise-induced asthma in the children who took antibiotics in the first year of life were not different statistically but the prevalence of asthma ever was significantly higher. No significant relationship was found between the use of antibiotics and hay fever or ECZEMA.Conclusion: We found that the use of antibiotics in early childhood was not associated with an increased risk of developing allergic symptoms in children.