Arshadchamani rangelands are placed in the north foothill of Sahand Mountain and near Kandovan Village. Therefore, it has plant diversity and economical values. In this region, medicinal plants are cut and sold by the stores with non-standard packaging without scientific name. Regarding the economical value of medicinal plants and thereby the investment necessity on these valuable resources for using in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, the collection and identification of these plants could be useful. Collection and identification of plants in the region were carried out during two years.256 collected species were identified in herbarium and then medicinal plants were separated by the scientific references. During this project, 95 species of medicinal plants belonging to 78 genus and 32 families were identified. The highest number of medicinal plants were related to Lamiaceae (17 species), Asteraceae (11 species), Brassicaceae (10 species), Fabaceae (9 species) and Apiaceae (7 species). The life form of medicinal plant species was determined by Raunkier’s method and they are including 57.89% Hemicryptophytes, 28.42% Therophytes, 7.36% Chamaephytes and 5.26% Geophytes. Six medicinal vegetation types were recognized in the are: Ziziphora clinopoioidesLam. Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. And. Hohen., Urtica dioica L., Alcea flavovirens(Boiss. and Buhse) Iljin, Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl, Cichorium intybus L. , Achillea willhelmsii C. Koch, Stachys inflata Benth., Peganum harmala L., Rosa domescenaL. were economically very important.

Introduction: Need assessment is one of the most important steps in planning any educational program. In this Cross-sectional study, educational needs of general physicians were questioned in EAST-AZARBAIJAN. Methods: According to different need assessment sources and methods, educational needs and related learning objectives were determined for general physicians of Iran. Then considering expert opinion and CME standards, 62 CME programs were designed containing these objectives. At third step a written questionnaire containing all 62 programs and their detailed objectives were used to ask general physicians’ needs in the province. The questionnaires were sent to 600 randomly selected physicians and 407 of them were gathered and analyzed by SPSS software. A criterion for setting the priority of the programs was number of choices made by physicians for each one. Analysis was based on choice ratio with 95% confidence interval level. Result: Five programs were selected more than others including: Programs of emergencies and accidents (61.7% + 4.7), internal heart diseases (60.4% + 4.7), Internet in medicine (60.0% + 4.8), skin disease (58.5% + 4.8), common emergencies of internal medicine (58.2% + 4.8). They selected Thursday and Friday as suitable days to attend the programs respectively. The most suitable time of day was reported as before noon. They preferred case study method to other learning methods.Conclusion: Findings of this study were used for planning CME programs of this province for a period of five years. The similar efforts may be of great value in other provinces.

Background: Earthquakes cause numerous losses and damages and victims enter to severe needy complex care and internal surgery. The study proposed to investigate the frequency of the fundamental strategies for reducing injuries and fatalities resulting from earthquakes.Materials and methods: A cross - sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of trauma inflicted on the victims of the earthquake in Tabriz teaching hospitals in summer 2012. The researcher-made checklist was applied for data collection. The validity as well as reliability has been confirmed (0.7≤a). The data were analyzed using computerized program SPSS 18.Results: Out of 307 patients, 182 were women (59.28%) and 125 men (40.72%). Most casualties were in the age range of 30- 60 years old; 118 cases (38.43%). Rural areas had more patients (n=259 (84.36%)) than urban areas, n=48 (15.64%). Most patients were admitted for orthopedic wards (57%). Majority referrals of earth quake belonged to first two days (72.31%). Fractures were the most common injuries among casualties (62.77%) and lower extremities (29.29%) were the most affected area. Recovery rate was 97.39% as well as 8 (2.61%) victims were died due to extensive injuries.Conclusion: Results of this study showed that most victims were women, rural residents and middle-aged people. Therefore, safety and retrofitting actions should be in place for rural areas and necessary education for self- protection must be thought for middle-aged people and women. Orthopedic and surgical wards of hospitals hould always be prepared to deal with victims to decrease the event in earthquake situations.