Objectives: Ectrodactyly-ectodermal Dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC) is a rare syndrome with features of ectrodactyly, ectodermal Dysplasia and cleft lip/palate. This study presents an Iranian case with classic features and oral complications.Case: We report a 20-year old female with all manifestations of this syndrome. The simultaneous presence of these three malformations is extremely rare; the incidence is estimated to be 1.5 per 100.000.000 births.Conclusion: Oral hygiene management of patients with EEC syndrome is important and dental practitioners need to know the oral and dental conditions presenting with this syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the association between conjunctival epithelial Dysplasia (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia) and its melanosis (microscopic non-proliferative melanin pigmentation) in conjunctival biopsies. Methods: In this retrospective case series, histopathological slides from all conjunctival biopsies obtained in Khalil Hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for a period of 6 years (April 2009– July 2015) were reviewed. After considering the exclusion criteria (nonmelanotic pigmentation, melanocytic proliferations, and squamous cell carcinoma), conjunctival biopsies were divided histopathologically into two groups of dysplastic and non-dysplastic. Then, the slides were reviewed by one ophthalmopathologists and one general pathologist. Melanin pigmentation was recorded in both groups as 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+. The data were analyzed, and the groups were compared. Results: Overall, 685 cases with a mean age of 47. 78 (± 17. 74) years were included in this study. Dysplastic and non-dysplastic groups comprised 135 (19. 7%) and 550 (80. 3%) specimens, respectively. Seventy‑ six percent (76%) of the specimens in the dysplastic group versus 40% in the non-dysplastic group had melanosis (P = 0. 001). However, the degree of Dysplasia (1+, 2+, and 3+) was not statistically correlated with the degree of melanosis (1+, 2+, and 3+) (P = 0. 393). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that melanosis is a common finding in conjunctival epithelial Dysplasia and might indicate an association with conjunctival epithelial Dysplasia.

Background & Aim: Regional odonto Dysplasia (ROD) is an unusual nonhereditary of teeth with significantly clinical and radiographic features. Affected teeth usually remain unerupted or semi-erupted with a discoloration and irregular shape. Radiographically these teeth have a large pulp chamber and thin layer of enamel and dentin with similar density.This article is introducing a female patient who was affected by regional odonto Dysplasia (ROD) (a developmental abnormality) and treatment of this patient.Case Report: This patient is a ten-year-old girl was referred to us with unerupted anterior maxillary teeth. Her parents stated that the CBA l  A teeth were extracted at the age of 3 for infection. At the first appointment the erupted left maxillary central tooth had malformation, discoloration and a related fistula with infected drainage. The 321l  teeth germs were not erupted. Due to surgical procedure the left permanent incisor (IV was extracted and right permanent central, lateral and canine (321l ) were enucleated, and appropriate prosthetic treatment was performed for patient after a while.

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica is extremely rare condition. Asymmetrical abnormal cartilage proliferation and associated enchondral ossification in an epiphysis is characteristic. It is limited to the medial or laeral half of a single limb. A child with Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the knee is reported.

The concomitance of hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia and polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia has only been reported to date in a few cases in literature.We have not found any case in medline search in last 7 years. A 22 years old male was admited to the endocrine department because of bone pain. In physical examination typical pigmented cafe-au-Iait lesion of the skin with irregular border was noted only in the left side.Numerous bone cystsand Shepherd's crook deformity of the femur in the radiography and leonine appearance confirmed the diagnosis of polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia.Persistent low serum phosphate and high urinary excretion of phosphate (in 24 her urine) confirmed concomitanee of hypophosphatenie Osteomalacia.Patients symptoms improved markedly after treatment with calcitriol (Rocaltrol) and phosphate.

Objectives Dentin Dysplasia (DD) is a rare disorder, which is not accentuated in dental practice. DD has 2 types. Type I is manifested by tooth mobility, short roots, reduced pulp space and normal crowns. Type II or coronal DD is characterized by normal crowns in permanent teeth but discolored crowns in primary teeth. Denticles are detectable in the pulp chamber of teeth in type II DD. Many uncertain aspects of this condition include its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning. For a long time, extraction of mobile teeth was the main possible choice, which would lead to psychosocial problems that needed psychological interventions. The present study aimed to collect and classify the recent information on DD. Methods An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar from 1977 to 2018. Duplicates were eliminated and the retrieved articles and relevant textbooks were thoroughly reviewed. Results Although DD has an unknown etiology, it is known for a fact that it has a hereditary trait. The present article provides some information about DD, including possible etiological factors, clinical, radiographic and histological manifestations, diagnosis and current treatment options. Conclusion Management of DD is based on preservation of teeth in the oral cavity and may vary from preventive and piecemeal care to tooth extraction and regenerative pulp therapy.

Aim: Determination of crucial genes that are involved in onset and progress of Dysplasia of colorectal mucosa is the aim of this study. Background: Management of Dysplasia as one of the risk factors of colon cancer is very challenging. Molecular studies could be helpful in this matter. Here, the transcriptome profile of low-grade Dysplasia in colon tissue in comparison with normal one is studied by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Methods: For detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Dysplasia lesion, the data was downloaded from the gene chip GSE31106, platform GPL1261, GSM770092-94 as normal colorectal mucosa group and GSM770098-100 as low-grade Dysplasia colorectal mucosa from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). The expression profile is evaluated by GEO2R and a network of DEGs is constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape algorithms. Results: The findings indicate that a PPI network analysis of 113 DEGs is consist of 8 nodes that 6 of them are common with inflammation state. Only SRC and TP53 were recognized as the specific makers for Dysplasia. In this respect, a subnetwork of these two genes introduce a panel of 8 nodes consist of HRAS, MYC, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, SRC, and TP53. Conclusion: It can be concluded that SRC and TP53 may play prominent role in Dysplasia pathogenicity after running validation tests.

Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) is an osseous growth disorder, producing immature bone and characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibro-osseous connective tissue. It is a bone Dysplasia that has the potential to cause significant cosmetic and functional disturbances, particularly in the craniofacial skeleton. Craniofacial fibrous Dysplasia is one of the three types of polyostotic fibrous Dysplasia that can affect the bones of the craniofacial complex. In this article, we report a case of craniofacial FD which caused hemifacial swelling and orbital asymmetry with no significant neurological symptoms including visual disturbances.