Corrosion cast study is one of the procedures for studying the structure of the blood vessels in a particular tissue or organ. In the present study, the circulatory system of Silver Carp was studied by using four different methods of resin injection. 12 fish with a weight range of 850 -1000 g were obtained from a commercial fish farm. The Fish were anesthetized using a solution of 5% benzocain in 96% ethanol and injected intraperitoneally with heparin (4000 IU/kg). After 40 min, the fish were killed using an overdose of the benzocain solution, and then, fluid artificial resin made on the basis of methylmetacrylate was injected through the caudal artery, bulbus arteriosus, and DORSAL and ventral AORTAs. The Fish were submerged for 24-48 hours in a bath water at room temperature until the polymerization and hardening of methylmetacrylate. Then, they were placed in a 25% KOH solution for 24-48 hours to obtain a maceration of the organic tissue. In this study, various parts of the heart and its vessels, gill vessels, gastric vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, DORSAL AORTA and its branches, renal and caudal arteries and related smaller vessels were also determined. Overall, it seems that the injection of resin via bulbus arteriosus of the heart was the best and most effective method for the corrosion cast study of the circulatory system in Silver Carp.

Background & Aims: In this study, we evaluate the results of urethroplasty with buccal mucosal graft (BMG) in urethral strictures of anterior urethra longer than 4cm in adult patients.Material & Methods: Over a period of 3 years (2001 - 2004) a total of 12 patients (from 18 to 60 years old) with urethral stricture (8 cases of bulbar urethra and 4 cases of pendolous urethra) longer than 4cm underwent DORSAL onlay BMG urethroplasty (Babagli technique) in our center. We performed retrograde urethrography (RUG) and VCUG, and up and down cystourethroscopy for all patients preoperatively and then followed them for obstructive urinary symptoms and with retrograde urethrography and VCUG, postoperatively.Results: Mean follow-up period was 22 months. All 12 patients became asymptomatic and had normal imaging studies, postoperatively. After primary improvement one patient (8 months after the operation) became restenotic due to STD urethritis for whom internal urethrotomy was performed. No major complication was seen.Conclusion: DORSAL onlay urethroplasty (Barbagli procedure) using BMG has a high success rate with no complication for long urethral strictures.

Patch or complete Interposition of Prosthetic grafts are the standard procedures in the surgical repair of postductal type of aortic coarctation. Most of the surgeons prefer to use the native vessles as the repair material in children. They believe, the prosthetic grafts during maturation, may be put them on the high risk of aneurysm formation, but this is not going to match with our observation since more than 12 years of experience in coarctation repair surgery.Between 1368-1379, 80 consecutive coarctation patients diagnosed by history & physical examination and con finned by echocardiogaphy and aoric root angiography M/F 27/53, 71 (88.7%) with patch and 9 (11.3%) with other repair procedures: include; native vessele flaps, complete graft and direct aortic anastomosis have been surgically repaired in chamran heart hospital.After 11 years and one month of follow up, Hypertension in 13.6% of cases have completely treated ,and 71.9% with 170± 20 /70±20 mmHg BP are controlled now by antihypertensive drugs. 4.2% Recoarctation is documented by echocardiogaphy with 20±2 echogradiant in operation site. 2 Cases reoperated because of patch infection and aneursmal chages in AORTA. No perioprative mortality have repoted.Patch aortoplasty with prosthetic materials in an ideal method in the surgical repair of coarctation in all ages and the aneurysm fomattion rate in our study is considerably acceptable and lesser than the other reports.

The ascending serotonergic projections are derived mainly from mesencephalic raphe nuclei. Topographical projections from mesencephalic raphe nuclei to the striatum were examined in the rat by the retrograde transport technique of HRP (horseradish peroxidase). In 29 rats stereotaxically injection of HRP enzyme were performed in DORSAL and ventral parts of striatum separately. The extent of the injection sites and distribution of retrogradely labeled neuronal cell bodies were drawed on representative sections using a projection microscope. Following ipsilateral injection of HRP into the DORSAL striatum, numerous labeled neurons were seen in rostral portion of DORSAL raphe (DR) nucleus. In the same level the cluster of labeled neurons were hevier through caudal parts of DR. A few neurons were also located in lateral wing of DR. More caudally some labeled neurons were found in lateral, medial line of DR. In median raphe nucleus (MnR) the labeled neurons were scattered only in median portion of this nucleus. The ipsilateral injection of HRP into the ventral region of striatum resulted on labeling of numerous neurons in rostral, caudal and lateral portions of DR. Through the caudal extension of DR on 4th ventricle level, a large number of labeled neurons were distributed along the ventrocaudal parts of DR. In MnR, labeled neurons were observed only in median part of this nucleus. These findings suggest the mesencephalic raphe nuclei projections to caudo-putamen are topographically organized. In addition DORSAL and median raphe nuclei have a stronger projection to the ventral striatum.

Primary cardiac tumors are quite rare, especially in the pediatric age group, and their atypical presentations often prevent a timely diagnosis. Most primary cardiac tumors in the pediatric age group are benign. Fibromas are generally reported as the second most common primary cardiac tumors in the pediatric age group. These neoplasms are often intramural and involve the left ventricular free wall or the interventricular septum. Although benign, fibromas may become life-threatening by causing arrhythmias or obstruction to the blood flow. A case of supravalvular intraluminal ascending AORTA fibroma in a 23-month-old girl, presenting with syncope, is described here; the location is rare and the presentation atypical for this type of tumor. Transesophageal echocardiography helped us to evaluate the anatomic details of the tumor and plan surgery.

A 71-year-old male came to the emergency room complaining of weakness, nausea and pain in the left flank and groin irradiating into his left hemiscrotum. Clinical examination revealed arterial hypotensis and tachycardia. Because of the patient’ s history of urolithiasis in the past, left renal colic was suspected and non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was requested. The CT scan confirmed nephrolithiasis, but the crucial finding was an aneurysm of the abdominal AORTA measuring 95 mm in diameter. Furthermore, the DORSAL wall of the AORTA was in direct contact with the spine, creating a “ draped AORTA sign” (Figure 1a)...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomic appearance of great cardiac vessels in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as a common bat living in the southern region of Iran. Methods: Five Egyptian fruit bats with a Mean±, SD body mass index (BMI) of 123. 04±, 0. 08 g were selected and studied. Results: The aortic arch (transverse arch) cranial to the heart gives rise to the right and left brachiocephalic (innominate) arteries, each of which immediately divides into common carotid and subclavian arteries. The aortic arch continues caudally on the DORSAL side of the heart, inclines to the left of the median plane as the DORSAL AORTA. The ligamentum arteriosum connecting the DORSAL AORTA to the pulmonary trunk is seen a few millimeters caudal to the origin of the left brachiocephalic artery. The arrangement of the great veins, including two anterior venae cavae, resembles that found in birds rather than mammals. A left azygos vein entered DORSALly to join the left anterior vena cava. The opening of the right anterior vena cava is in the DORSAL part of the right atrium,the opening of the left anterior vena cava, similar to the coronary sinus, is at the caudal part of the right atrium. The posterior vena cava opens into the right atrium DORSAL and cranial to the entrance of the left anterior vena cava. Conclusion: The evolution in the morphology mentioned above is in accordance with the flight requirements of bats.

Primary intimal angiosarcoma of the AORTA (i.e., mostly intraluminal sarcomas with evidence of endothelial differentiation) is extraordinarily rare. We report a case in which the diagnosis was accurately made using immunohistochemistry in an embolectomy specimen. The patient was a 78- year-old man with a two-month history of bilateral claudication. Doppler ultrasound proved an embolus in both popliteal arteries, which was removed. The highly atypical cells comprising these emboli were positive immunohistochemically for CD68, vimentin, and CD31. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed an irregular tumor (invasion to the left main bronchus). This case emphasizes the need for a wide panel of immunohistochemical studies in tumor emboli of unknown origin.