Group A β-HEMOLYTIC streptococci is the most important etiology of bacterial pharyngitis. Since rheumatic fever and glomerolonephritis which are both serious diseases of man, are the sequelae of streptococcal pharyngitis, so rapid laboratory diagnosis of the infection is an important for rapid treatment and prevention of post-streptococcal diseases. Conventional bacteriological methods take at least 48 hours to identify these bacteria. The aim of this project was to detect group A β- streptococci by DIRECT Immunofluorescence within 8-10 hours. For this purpose, group A β-HEMOLYTIC streptococcus strain ATCC 1447 was cultured into 300 ml of Todd-Hewitt broth and was incubated with shaking at 37° C with overnight shaking. Following centrifugation, the bacteria were collected and after treatment, whole bacteria were used as antigens for immunization of rabbits. After the titer of anti-streptococci in rabbit sera reached to a sufficient level, the immune sera were collected; its immunoglobulins were sedimented and conjugated with FITC. Serial dilution of conjugated immune sera was prepared and smears of various bacteria (S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogen, group B, C, and α-streptococci) were stained with conjugated serum and observed under UV microscope. The result showed that the reagent could detect Streptococcus pyogen reliably. Of the strains examined by this method, only Streptococcus pyogen showed 4+ in compare with S. aureus which showed 2+ positivity (brightness). The specificity and sensitivity of the method was determined 96.1% and 94.4% respectively.

ABO HEMOLYTIC disease of the newborn is the most common cause of HEMOLYTIC jaundice in newborns. In a prospective study during] 997, we determined the clinical course and incidence of HEMOLYTIC disease of newborn due to ABO blood group incompatibility in Ghaem Hospital.In the present study from a sample of 128 blood group (O) mothers, 50 term neonate, had blood group A & B as case group, and 50 neonates without incompatibility considered as control group these infants were compared for hyperbilirubinemia in first 3 days of life.Skin Bilirubin index, measured daily in both groups of newborns byjaundicemeter instrument. In babies with critical index (skin Bilirubin> 17) serum bilirubin and other Hematological values were determined.In this study, six newborns had significant jaundice (Bilirubin>15mg/dl) in incompatible group but in control group only 2 infant had hyperbilirubinemia in first three day of life.Taking into account that in Mashhad their frequency & blood 0 is nearly 60%, it was concluded that in general population of pregnant mothers 24%, Present feto- maternal ABO incompatibility.This figure is less than value that reported by others, therefore, incidence of ABO- HEMOLYTIC disease in all of newborns is 2/9 percent (%24).

As we all know, one of the most serious consequence of incompatible blood transfusion is intravascular HEMOLYTIC reaction which, it may lead to life-threatening with even as little as 10cc of incompatible blood. ABO incompatibility is the most common cause of acute HEMOLYTIC transfusion reaction.We present a patient who had been transfused with incompatible blood under general anesthesia. At the almost end of the surgery we started to infused patient's blood cells due to estimated  blood loss during surgery and also Hb, Hct patient at the start of surgery. Following that patient transferred to recovery room, we encountered with routine sign of incompatible blood reaction such as tachycardia, tachypnea, and hemoglobinuria and also surprisingly, hypertension.  The last sign is really rare. We immediately suspected that we had transfused incompatible blood and stopped infusion blood and following that patient has been completely treated.

Background and Objective: Snake venom is a complex of several toxic elements and enzymes. It has the agents with the ability to destroy cellular and subcellular membrane and to bring about hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC). Two types of DIRECT and inDIRECT HEMOLYTIC activity are known in snake venom in that phospholipase A2 is responsible for the inDIRECT lysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a-lipoic acid on HEMOLYTIC activity of Iranian Vipera Lebetina venom.Material and Methods: Protein concentration of the crude venom of Vipera Lebetina was determined using bovine serum albumin as a standard. DIRECT HEMOLYTIC activity of venom was determined by using the Human RBC and InDIRECT HEMOLYTIC activity was assayed on RBC in the presence of egg yolk. Then, a-lipoic acid with different concentrations in 100 mM Tris-HCL buffer was applied and its effect on hemolysis of RBC was studied.Results: DIRECT HEMOLYTIC activity on RBC was not observed while its inDIRECT activity was detected to be increased proportional to different concentration of a-lipoic acid. The range of inDIRECT hemolysis was increased up to 60% by 60µm a-lipoic acid.Conclusion: Not only has a-lipoic acid no inhibitory effects on the HEMOLYTIC activity of Iranian Vipera Lebetina venom but also has the positive effects on it.

Exposure to many chemical agents such as drugs can cause hemolysis of red blood cells and can cause HEMOLYTIC anemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the HEMOLYTIC effect of Isoniazid. This experimental study was done on 40 adult Wistar rats. Animals were divided randomly into 3 groups. Control group: This group received only enough food and water. Reference group: This group received Solvent isoniazid (physiology serum). The Experimental group received isoniazid with 50 mg/kg dose of the animal weight for 14 days. Blood samples were applied to measure various parameters such as hematocrit level, hemoglobin level, red blood cells number, the red blood cell fragility. For evaluating the osmotic fragility sensitivity, red blood cells were incubated at 37 ° C at different concentrations of NaCl for 30 min and the extent of hemolysis was measured by colorimetric solution. Hemolysis was expressed based on the percentage of hemolysis of red blood cells in the presence of distilled water (100% hemolysis). The results showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the isoniazid receiving group. However, Red blood cell count didn’t show any significant change. Furthermore, osmotic fragility test showed increased fragility of red blood in experimental group. In conclusion, Isoniazid cause to Hemoglobin degradation and prevent hemoglobin synthesis. But based on osmotic fragility test, Isoniazid can induce oxidative stress and RBC lysis at higher dose.

Introduction: High volumes of wastewater along with contaminants, such as colloids and dyes are discharged from different industries into the environment. These wastewaters create major problems and serious threats for water resources. Therefore, it is essential to treat such wastewaters and reach the effluent discharge standards. In this regard, chitosan as a coagulant has a comparable performance with other coagulants. Moreover, the addition of chitosan and removal of turbidity probably lead to higher efficiency of nanoparticles in lower dosages which is investigated in the current study. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of chitosan and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles for the removal of color and turbidity. Materials & Methods: Synthetic wastewater was prepared by mixing specific amounts of bentonite and DIRECT blue 71 dye in distilled water. After the preparation of different concentrations of color and turbidity, the experiments were conducted with different dosages of chitosan and MgO separately and in combination. The influence of variables such as pH, initial concentration of dye and turbidity, MgO and chitosan dosages on removal efficiency was investigated in this study. Fidings: According to the results, the highest rate of color and turbidity removal was obtained at 1. 5 mg/L chitosan in combination with 1. 5 g/L MgO with the efficiency of 97. 5%. In addition, the highest removal efficiency was obtained at pH of 7. Discussion & Conclusions: Due to the need for high doses of MgO in high turbidities, the use of chitosan as a coagulant can be effective in reducing the use of MgO.

Background: Evidence indicating that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) could prove effective against neonatal immune HEMOLYTIC hyperbilirubinemia, reducing the need for exchange transfusion. Objective: To determine the prophylactic effect of IVIG in decreasing the incidence and severity of neonatal immune HEMOLYTIC jaundice. Methods: A case-control prospective randomized trial in Hafez and Nemazi Hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, was undertaken between September 1998 through August 1999. Fulfilling the inclusion criteria forty full-term, healthy neonates with Rh or ABO incompatibility, entered the study and were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups. IVIG was administered in a single dose of 500 mg/kg to 20 neonates in the treatment group 4-6 hours during the first 24 hours of life. Nothing was given to 20 controls. All neonates were evaluated prospectively to detect jaundice or pallor till 10-days-old. Results: The IVIG-treated neonates had a smaller rise in their bilirubin levels, required significantly less phototherapy (0% vs. 35%) (p<0. 05) and a shorter duration of hospitalization than those in the control group. In both groups, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values remained fairly stable and none of the infants had bilirubin levels exceeding the exchange levels. No side effects of IVIG were seen. Conclusions: Our results indicates that IVIG administration may be effective in prevention of neonatal immune HEMOLYTIC hyperbilirubinemia. However, further studies are required to validate the efficacy of this treatment and to determine the optimal dose, number of infusions and the best preparation of IVIG treatment.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpes virus family and is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, and sore throat. In this report, we present a 20-year-old woman with a four-day history of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, jaundice and abdominal pain, and a diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis, acute hepatitis with HEMOLYTIC anemia due to infectious mononucleosis. After the confirmation of acute acalculous cholecystitis along with HEMOLYTIC anemia, prednisolone was initiated for the patient. Supportive measures resolved the symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis.