Three types of pyroclastic DEPOSITS - Fall, Flow, and Surge - are present around Damavand volcanic cone. Only pyroclastic Flow DEPOSITS are under research in this paper. Pyroclastic flow DEPOSITS of Damavand Volcano are categorized in three types: Pumice Flow DEPOSITS, Scoria Flow DEPOSITS and Ash and Block Flow DEPOSITS one of which is related to one of the three later eruption phase of Damavand volcano.

In the present study seismic data was carried out at Bibi -Shahr Banoo mountainous area located in Shar-e-Ray south-east of Tehran to estimate amplification of seismic waves. For this purpose microtremors and explosion generated waves were acquired. The layout of three recording stations was arranged along a profile. Microtremors were recorded after midnight with time interval of 30 minutes; record length for each interval was 2 minutes. Explosion charges were about 120 kg of dynamite, and 850 kg of amfo. Three Protable Data Acquisition System (PDAS 100) recording stations along a profile with interval of 50 to 150 meters were deployed to record the seismic waves. Data was processed using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) software. Then the classical Spectrum ratio and Nakamura"s ratio methods have been evaluated. It should be noted that, all obtained results are reliable in frequency range of 0 to 10 Hertz. The obtained results were classified in four stages as follows: Microtremors: obtained amplification factor, in average, from two recording stations using Nakamura's ratio method shows greater values than that of obtained from classic reference station method. The obtained results for the used methods are summerised as the following; Explosion: The above result was obtained the same, while explosion was used as a source. Nakamura's method: In comparison between microtremors and explosion generated waves, the Nakamura's method, in average resulted greater amplification factor while explosion was used as a source. Classic reference station method: In comparison between microtremors and explosion, classic reference station method, in average resulted greater amplification factor while explosion was used as a source.

This research was performed to determine the efficiency effect of sedimentary environment of Kerman City area on soil structure by comparing natural and reconstituted consolidation curves. In this regard, four different criteria such as sensitivity strength, stress sensitivity, Schmertman criteria and the result of the uniaxial compression test were used. The base of these criteria is to compare the results of natural and undisturbed soil consolidation tests. The position of undrained shear strength of Kerman City soils in Iv-Su space was located on the left side of the intrinsic strength line and this confirms that the stress sensitivity of soils is less than the unit. Therefore, the soils in the city subzone are mostly over consolidated, and cementation and chemical bonds have not developed. The swelling sensitivity of fine grained soils based on Schmertman criteria are often less than 2 or slightly larger than 2.5 indicating that the soils of Kerman City subzones have underdeveloped swelling sensitivity due to poor cementation.

The samples studied through this research were collected from active black smokers located in the mid-oceanic ridge from a depth of 2276m by a sea-born ship “Academician Mstislav Keldysh” (2002), in its 47th research mission. The collected samples were studied by microscopic, microprobe and X-ray analysis (Debye-sherer). These samples were in the form of narrow pipes with zoned structure, which included the following zones from the core to the margin: isocobanite, Chalcopyrite, Bornite and cupper sulfide zones. For the first time, it has been observed that tetragonal phase within the cupper-sulfide zone in recent sulfide, DEPOSITS. Tetragonal phase of Cu2S, which is an unstable form of chalcocite, is stable only at high pressures (more than 0.8 Kb) and temperatures higher than 102 oC. The tetragonal form of Cu2S in one of the studied samples was associated with Chalcocite-Djurleite mixture and in another studied sample was associated with chalcocite-Bornite mixture. Its average chemical composition was also determined as Cu2.02S. It is likely that the emergence of this unstable phase in young hydrothermal DEPOSITS, which are formed at 250-350 oC, is not odd but after hydrothermal activity and temperature reduction it is changed to more stable phases. Evaluation of older black smokers showed no trace of tetragonal phase.

Kuhbanan fault is located between Tabas and Yazd blocks in the south west margin of central Iran microplate, extending from North west of Kerman to East of Bafgh, with 300 km length and NW-SE strike. The fault is one of the most seismic structural trend in the region. The latest seismic activity of the fault occurred on the first of April, 2002 with Ms=4,3 over the north-east Dehzo-segment of the fault. Kuhbanan  earthquake fault consists of several segments. Movement in the southeast and central segments has been dextral strike-slip with a large reverse component during Plio-Quaternary.Study of alluvial fan DEPOSITS in Zarand, Toghroljerd and Bahabad plains indicates that deposition, development and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment and morphology of the alluvial fans have been affected by the tectonic activity of Kuhbanan fault segment which are located in the mountain front of Kerman-Kuhbanan and west Bahabad mountain ranges. Several coalesced alluvial fans exist which are adjacent to Tikdar-Gorcho, Khanok, Rigabad-Daho, Apang-Sarbagh, Gisk, Dartangal, Dehzo and NW Dehzo fault segments in the eastern margin of Zarand plain. The youngest part of the fans is formed in the fanhead area and apex of fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of fans some of them are deeply dissected. Longitudinal profile of the fans is usually segmented and some show a decreasing slope.  Vertical profile of the fans is wedge shape, with maximum thickness adjacent to the fault segments and some fans are lense shape. Internal structure of the fans is mostly buried, but imbricated and inset fan also occur Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Fan DEPOSITS are poorly sorted, coarsening upward. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Khanok, Sarbagh, Dehzo and NW Dehzo semi-consolidated fan DEPOSITS. Several coalesced alluvial fans also exist adjacent to Toghroljard, Abassabad, Dargaz-Godgaz, SE Gavar, Fakhrabad, Khoshabad, Hossinabad and Kuh-e-Sorkh fault segments in the eats margin of Toghroljard plain and in the west margin of the Bagabad plain. Apex of the fans does not progress to the mountain front. Active and inactive areas are formed at the surface of dissected fans. Main channel is in the margin or edge of the fans. Apparent neotectonic fractures occurred in Fakhrabad, Khoshabad and Hossinabad fan DEPOSITS. Based on the surface morphology, vertical variation and internal structure of the alluvial fans, it is concluded that 1) neotectonic activity of fault segments have caused continuous elevating of mountain front or sinking of piedmont, and right lateral displacement of mountains relative to plain at late Quaternary. 2) The highest tectonic activity have occurred over Khanok, Righabad, Gisk, Dartangal, Apang-Darbagh, NW Dehzo and Fakhrabad segments during and after deposition of alluvial fans.    

Introduction: Up to 10% of lupus nephritis (LN) do not show IgG deposition of immunofluorescence (IF). Our rationale is to find out whether there is any significant difference in clinical presentation and histopathological findings in both groups of patients. Objectives: To compare clinical and histopathological findings in patients with LN having IgG DEPOSITS versus patients without IgG DEPOSITS in renal biopsies. Patients and Methods: Two groups of IgG positive and IgG negative were made and their details were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Fischer’ s exact test was applied to determine significance of above mentioned clinical and laboratory findings with/without IgG DEPOSITS in renal biopsies. Results: Fischer’ s exact test results’ for all variables was as follows; M: F ratio was 0. 5, edema 0. 10, deranged RFT 0. 3, hematuria 0. 10, proteinuria 0. 4, anti-double stranded DNA antibody 0. 3 and anti-nuclear antibody 0. 5. The P values of LN were class II 0. 003, class III 0. 8 and class IV 0. 3. These findings show that groups with no IgG DEPOSITS on IF, present with milder clinical disease. Conclusion: There was a marginal significant P value for hematuria, edema and LN class II, pointing towards the fact that relatively milder disease in IgG negative group as compared to IgG positive group.

Hydrothermal vein and porphyry copper DEPOSITS are notable within Eocene volcanic rocks of Shahr-e-Babak area. In this paper, the structural patterns within Shahr-e-Babak area as well as the relationship between structural elements and the emplacement of dikes and hydrothermal vein and porphyry copper DEPOSITS have been discussed. Three fault trends of WNW-ESE and N-S are recognized in northeastern Shahr-e-Babak according to satellite images and field observations. The WNW-ESE and N-S trending faults are normal faults, while the NE-SW trending faults are sinistral faults with normal component. Two trends are recognized for the dikes in Shahr-e-Babak area namely, WNW-ESE (T2) and N-S (T1) following the trends of preexisting fractures in the area. The existence of an extensional system is recognized by the pattern of tension gashes and Pennant and the presence of extensional joints in the area. The shift in s1 direction from NE-SW to N-S, confirm the presence of some rotation in the area. The rotation in a transpressional regime caused the development of extensional structures in the Shahr-e-Babak area; the extensional structures provided the space for the passage of ore fluids and the emplacement of polymetallic vein and porphyry copper DEPOSITS in northeastern Shahr-e-Babak.

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market.

Glacial activity has been existed in Zab Kouchak river Basin especially in western and northern highlands during glacial periods and digging of the glaciers are remained as circus and glacial valleys. Other glaciers works in the basin are being deposited glacial sediments on the slopes and river beds which cause mass movements. In the research was a determined domain of glacial deposit by using topographical maps of 1:50000, Radar data of Aster Sensor, LISS III and Panchromatic images of IRS Satellite and climatic data during 1365-1387. Weighted Sum analysis was carried out in order to determine zones of instability in Zab Kouchak Basin. Because of using different variables, we compared them and also coefficients were presented for each of the variables. The results showed that there is high instability in Zab Kouchak Basin. High and very high unstable domains are in conformity with slopes of cirques and valleys end up to cirques. Also the terraces on the edge of river valleys are unstable. Especially the terraces remained at altitude of 1600 meters in Silveh, Zivkeh and Mashkan villages near the upstream being formed of glacial DEPOSITS are the most unstable parts of the area. Fans and terraces of this river basin were exposed to drastic changes. The nature of the glacial DEPOSITS and their susceptibility to human economic activities has created hazardous conditions, so that Lands on the terraces are affected by landslides. Several falls have occurred in valleys of the edge roads during rainfall and materials and also sudden flood waters can threaten roads and bridges. Fish breeding centers and rural settlements along the river and on the loose glacial DEPOSITS are at risk of land instability.