Introduction: Ramadan is a lunar month that muslims have food and water intake restricted to night hours except those who have illness that fasting may be harmful for them. We studied the effects of fasting during Ramadan on patients suffering from duodenal ulcer (DU).Material and Methods: 84 endoscopicaly documented duodenal ulcer patients were studied. They were divided into two groups (fasting and non-fasting) according to their own decision and treated with Omeprazol (40mg daily). Sign and symptom such as pain, dyspepsia nausea, bleeding and healing of ulcer were studied.Results: Healing rate of ulcer was 79.76% totally. Non-fasting group and fasting group had healing rate of 75.5% and 85.7% respectively. Therefore no significant differences were observed between the two groups considering symptoms, complications or ulcer healing.Conclusion: Patients with duodenal ulcer while are treating with antisecretory agents can fast during Ramadan without any fear of complications.

INTRODUCTION Primary retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinomas are extremely rare. (1) In the English literature, only 28 cases of primary retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinoma have been published. (2-8) Because of the rarity of these tumors, it is hard to determine their exact origin and define an optimal treatment regimen. When this type of lesion is adjacent to the kidney, it can mimic a renal cyst. Preoperative DIAGNOSIS is difficult because the condition can be mistaken for renal cystic disease. (9) With the increasing availability and use of abdominal imaging tools, cystic renal disease has become a very common finding and the detection of complex cystic masses in the kidney has increased dramatically. ( 10) However, there is no agreed upon follow-up schedule for complex cystic lesions of the kidneys. We report our experience with a patient with DELAYED DIAGNOSIS of primary retroperitoneal cystadenocarcinoma involving hepatic metastasis that mimicked a renal cyst. It is our hope that physicians will be made more aware of this type of tumor and include it in their differential diagnoses.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of early drainage of DELAYED suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) after glaucoma surgery.Methods: These study reports seven cases of DELAYED supra-choroidal hemorrhage following glaucoma surgery managed with early drainage. In this series instead of waiting for 7 to 14 days for clot lysis, the SCH was drained from the suprachoroidal space immediately after DIAGNOSIS.Results: Seven eyes of 7 patients with DELAYED SCH including 4 men and 3 women were enrolled in the study. Median age was 42.57±29.61 years and mean follow up duration was 21.43±13.35 months. Immediately after DIAGNOSIS, choroidal tap and anterior chamber reformation were performed for all the patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased significantly after intervention. At final follow up, mean visual acuity was 1.08±0.31 LogMAR.Conclusion: Immediate surgical drainage of suprachoroidal hemorrhage seems to be an effective and safe method for treatment of DELAYED SCH; and it may decrease the inflammation from the entrapped blood in suprachoroidal space and reduce complications and additional procedures. Larger trials are recommended for further evaluation.

This case report documents one of the more unusual causes of a facial swelling in the preauricular and buccal region, post-traumatic parotid sialocele. Facial lacerations are commoninjuries; however, parotid gland involvement and, in particular, ductal transection is relatively uncommon and only 0.2% of such patients have a parotid gland injury. A sialocele typically develops 8 to 14 days after the injury but in our case, the presentation was DELAYED (8 months after trauma). Sialography can play a significatnt role in the DIAGNOSIS of sialocele by indicating the extent of parotid duct injury. We describe a 17–year– old girl with progressive marked facial swelling in the left parotid and buccal area with past history of penetrating facial injury. Using text and images, we detail our diagnostic management. This case report illustrates the relationship of trauma to sialocele formation, while suggesting that sialography shoud be done in oral, neck and face masses suspected to be related to salivary ducts. Posttraumatic parotid sialocele should be considered in the differential DIAGNOSIS for any posttraumatic facial or high neck swelling.

Background: Despite international trends towards forbidding chemical weapons, during the imposed war Iraqis have used these lethal weapons several times. Chemical war gases are associated with acute and DELAYED complications. The present study was conducted on Iranian combatants attacked by chemical gases to determine the DELAYED cutaneous complications. Materials and methods: 5668 combatants were included in this descriptive study. Those who have been exposed to chemical war gases and had medical record of acute cutaneous involvement were examined. Results: The study population included 5452 males with the mean age of 37 years anq 216 females with the mean age of30.9 years. Itching was the most common symptom reported by 75.1% and 83.3% of males and females, respectively. Hair loss, burning sensation, skin dryness, and sweating were other common findings. Scaring and pigmentation changes were the most prevalent signs found in males and females, respectively (reported by 31.2% and 9.6%). However, excoriation, lichenification, colloid, skin dryness, and atrophy were other observed signs. Conclusion: Fortunately no dangerous complication was found among combatants, however, DELAYED cutaneous lesions and malignancies should always be considered, thus, further studies in the future are strongly recommended.

Objective: Considering the late complications of eye due to mustard gas in warfare patients, this study was performed to evaluate the late complications of eye.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 500 male patients (aged between 35 and 55), whose mustard gas injured period is more than 15 years were selected by non probability sampling. The patients were examined by an ophthalmologist. The complications were divided in 3 grades, mild, moderate and severe. The data were analyzed by x2 and spearman correlation coefficient.Results: Out of 500 warfare patients, 48% aged 35-40, 82.2% once injured with mustard gas, 12.2% twice injured with mustard gas, 1.8% three times injured with mustard gas and 3.8% more then 3 times injured with mustard gas.The degrees of complications: 80% mild Eye Complications, 13.2% moderate Eye Complications and 6.8% sever Eye Complications.There were significant relationships between Eye Complications degrees with using the drugs, the times of injury and the times of hospitalization (P<0.05).Conclusion: Having reached the mentioned conclusions, it is recommended to perform more comprehensive study to evaluate the complications of the other parts: eye, lung, skin … as well.

Objective: DELAYED Discounting Procedure (DDP) is defined as discounting of the value related to a reward or punishment due to a delay in their presentation. This procedure, as one of the infrastructural processes underlying riskful decision making, plays a significant role in neuropsychological basis of several psychiatric disorders. Here, in the first DDP study in Iran, a Persian computerized DDP task with standard logic was used. Method: In this study, 100 students (75 males) chose between receiving 100,000 Toomans after a constant delay and immediate receiving of a decreasing amount of reward in eight consecutive stages. The duration of delays in these stages included 6 hours, one day, one week, two months, 6 months, one year, 5 years, and 25 years. The mean indifference points (in Toomans) among subjects were measured for these delays which were 96280, 94357, 90397, 80750, 68862, 55608, 33350 and 14308 respectively. Results: There was no significant difference between male and female subjects. Nonlinear regression analysis of our results showed that the hyperbolic function could better explain the DDP function than the exponential function. Applying A/(1+KD) logic to all of the subjects, we found k = 0.060 and r^2 = 0.9334, which reached near 0.98 after increasing the power of variable s in the denominator. Conclusion: The amount of DELAYED discounting of reward in our study is higher in comparison to the western studies (on 1000 $) which may be influenced by higher interest rate, economical instabilities, being distrustful among subjects regarding the paying of reward in next several years, and higher value of 1000 $ in western societies compared to the value of 100,000 Toomans for an Iranian subject.

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Option is one of the most important causes of dissolution of contracts, which has various types in the jurisprudence of Islamic religions and legal systems of the world. The option for DELAYED payment of the price is one of the types of options that are mentioned only in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and are believed by most Imamiyyah jurists and consequently it is mentioned in the civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran and is existed in articles 402 to 409. Imamiyyah jurists have held to reports, consensus, the rule of negation of harm (prohibition of detriment) and presumption of continuity (Istishab) for proving the option of delay. This research by using a descriptive-analytical method based on the library method, tries while reviewing and criticizing the mentioned arguments to show that the incorrect option for DELAYED payment of the price and misusing it causes unfair income and wants to prove about DELAYED payment of the price which the sale is basically null and in fact the receipt in three days is the condition of the validity of the sale. Accordingly, a revision of Articles 402 to 409 of the Civil Code seems necessary.

Background and Aim: Eyes are very sensitive to Sulfur Mustard gas (SM) because they have wet surfaces. Considering the late complications of eye due to mustard gas exposure in warfare patients, the present study was conducted to evaluate the late complications of the eye. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, we evaluated 300 male patients aged between 40-75 years old whose mustard gas injury period was about 27-32 years before. A complete eye examination by an ophthalmologist was done. The complications were divided in 4 grades: normal, mild, moderate, and severe. The results were reported as x2 and relative frequencies. Results: Out of 300 warfare patients, 37. 5% were aged 46-50 years old, 79% were injured with mustard gas once, 13. 4% twice, 6. 6% three times, and 1% more than 3 times, 42% had hospitalization, and 77. 6% used drugs. The most common symptoms were itching (42. 3%), burning (38. 3%), and dryness (37%) and the most prevalent complication of the lid was MGD (39. 4%). Also, the most prevalent complication of Conjunctiva was vascular anomalies (46. 6%), the most common complication of limbus was ischemia (12%), and the most common complication of cornea was epithelial defect (13. 4%). Among the prevalent ocular surgeries were punctual occlusion (19. 4%), penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (0. 33%), tarsoraphy (0. 66%), conj. flap (1%), amniotic membrane transplantation (0%), stem cell graft (2. 66%), and lamellar keratoplasty (LK) (0. 66%), in the order of frequency. The degrees of complications were 53. 34% for normal, 33. 33% for mild, 9. 33% for moderate, and 4% for severe cases. Conclusion: Conjunctival vascular abnormalities and epithelial defect were the most significant signs among the sulfur mustard chemical war victims. Having reached the mentioned conclusions, it can be stated that mild complications were more than moderate and severe ones.