Background and Aim: Eyes are very sensitive to Sulfur Mustard gas (SM) because they have wet surfaces. Considering the late complications of eye due to mustard gas exposure in warfare patients, the present study was conducted to evaluate the late complications of the eye. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, we evaluated 300 male patients aged between 40-75 years old whose mustard gas injury period was about 27-32 years before. A complete eye examination by an ophthalmologist was done. The complications were divided in 4 grades: normal, mild, moderate, and severe. The results were reported as x2 and relative frequencies. Results: Out of 300 warfare patients, 37. 5% were aged 46-50 years old, 79% were injured with mustard gas once, 13. 4% twice, 6. 6% three times, and 1% more than 3 times, 42% had hospitalization, and 77. 6% used drugs. The most common symptoms were itching (42. 3%), burning (38. 3%), and dryness (37%) and the most prevalent complication of the lid was MGD (39. 4%). Also, the most prevalent complication of Conjunctiva was vascular anomalies (46. 6%), the most common complication of limbus was ischemia (12%), and the most common complication of cornea was epithelial defect (13. 4%). Among the prevalent ocular surgeries were punctual occlusion (19. 4%), penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (0. 33%), tarsoraphy (0. 66%), conj. flap (1%), amniotic membrane transplantation (0%), stem cell graft (2. 66%), and lamellar keratoplasty (LK) (0. 66%), in the order of frequency. The degrees of complications were 53. 34% for normal, 33. 33% for mild, 9. 33% for moderate, and 4% for severe cases. Conclusion: Conjunctival vascular abnormalities and epithelial defect were the most significant signs among the sulfur mustard chemical war victims. Having reached the mentioned conclusions, it can be stated that mild complications were more than moderate and severe ones.

Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations, commonly seen in the head and neck region in 90% of cases They are uncommon, hamartomatous, congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue and account for 4% of all vascular tumors and approximately 25% of all benign vascular tumors in children. The most common sites are the head and neck, followed by the proximal extremities, the buttocks, and the trunk. However, they sometimes can be found in the intestines, pancreas, and mesentery.

on chest X-ray there are calcified lesions on hilar regions of both lungs; lesions that inalicates the presence of old heald granulomatous disease.The patient has immigrated from Afghanistan, where tuberculosis is a common problem of people, the patient has hyponatremia a finding more common in T.B. meningitis so another L.P was performed and CSF was sent for Stewart, PCR assay and culture for tuberculosis in the second CSF exam. The level of protein had increased (350 mg/dl) while CSF glucose decreased and a shifting CSF, PMN to lymphocyte were reported.Anti tuberculosis drugs were initiated (INH, RMP, PZP, ETB) and blood gasometric test, PPd and B.A. lavage for B.K performed, in the third hospital day, febrile agglutination tests, L.F.T, kidney function tests were performed and dark field illumination test of centrifuged CSF was done and it was negative. Cold agglutination assay and standard tube test for brucella, both of them were negative too. Headache in-patients thought to have tuberculosis should always raise the possibility of T.B meningitis. In the early stage of disease headache and fever may be the only symptoms. Analysis of CSF usually shows lymphocytic pleocytosis.Hypoglycorochia is present in approxinately 70% of cases. Smears of CSF are rarely positive in TB meningitis. CSF, PCR assay for BK was positive, but blood cultures sputum culture and CSF culture were all negative. After starting anti TB drugs additional treatment with dexamethasori and pyridoxine, the situation of patient gradually because better and after 4 weeks hospitalization he was discharged and ased him to come back to outpatient clinic for control of treatment of T.B.

Hard gelatin capsule filled with acetaminophen, osmotic agent (sorbitol), a release promoter (sodium dodecyl sulfate), coated with a semipermeable cellulose acetate membrane containing a hydrophobic plasticizer (castor oil) and sealed with white bees wax plug was designed. When placed in the sink water penetrates the membrane, dissolves the osmotic agent and increases the osmotic pressure inside the capsule. The increased osmotic pressure enhances the water imbibition and consequently increases the hydrostatic pressure inside the capsule and when the latter pressure is high enough it expels out the plug and the drug release commences. With cellulose acetate concentration constant in membrane forming solution, 11% (w/w), the factors affecting the onset of the drug release, i.e. the lag time (tL), were thickness of semipermeable membrane (0.033-0.112 mm) and plug thickness (2.40-3.40 mm) although the influence of semipermeable membrane thickness was more important than plug thickness in delaying the onset of release. As the statistical analysis revealed, castor oil concentrations in the range of 3-4% (w/w) did not affect the lag time. With the control of the membrane thickness, the onset of release could be adjusted from 2 to 7 h. The formulations with tL of 3.9 and 5.8 h may have practical benefits in that if such systems are administered simultaneously with conventional forms the 6 and 4 times daily drug dosage frequency would be reduced to 3 and 2 times regimens, respectively. Atheoretical justification was provided for the observed nonlinear relationship between the onset and/or tL of drug release and thickness of the semipermeable membrane. After the lag time, the drug release from the systems conformed to the USP requirements.

In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of unstable periodic orbits of continuous time chaotic systems using fuzzy time-DELAYED controllers. For this aim, we present a control method that can achieve stabilization of an unstable periodic orbit (UPO) without any knowledge of the system model. Our proposal is attained progressively. First, we combine the input-to-state linearizing controller with the fuzzy method to obtain one that achieves UPO stabilization. Then, we use reduced order sliding observer to estimate the necessary state for the controller construction. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed methods is demonstrated using numerical simulations applied to Chua's system.

Background: Open fracture, a disruption of soft tissue and exposure of fractured bone to surrounding environment is a high risk condition for infection and is recommended to treat it by irrigation, surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy as soon as possible. Since the role of each of the above mentioned factors and the interval between admission and debridement is still in debate, the present study is designed to determine the difference between early and DELAYED debridement in open fracture.Methods: A prospective, double blind study was performed on 379 patients with 381 open fractures. Location of fracture, interval (time between the injury and debridement) and Gustilo or Duncan classifications of open fractures were recorded. For all patients irrigation and antibiotic therapy started with standard protocol. Early (less than 6 hours) and DELAYED (more than 6 hours after injury) debridement’s were done in group A with 289 and group B with 92 patients, respectively and all patients were followed up for early infection. Findings: Seven patients (2/4%) in group A and 4.3% (4 of 92) in group B had early infection and this difference was not significant (p=0.34). Conclusion: Conclusion: The result of early and DELAYED debridement is almost the same in open fractures.