Background and Objectives: Nursing is one of the largest groups of health care providers that needs upDATEd information to improve quality and quantity of health care services, clinical activities, etc. In the meantime, evidence-based databases (such as Up-To-DATE Database) significantly contribute to improve performance and efficiency of health services by providing the latest findings on health issues. The present study aimed to survey the information seeking behavior and information needs of nurses working in Ahvaz hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in using Up-To-DATE database.Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the statistical population consisted of 1246 nurses working in hospitals of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences among which 293 nurses were selected. The required data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.71. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that most of the nurses needed information about new developments in the field of nursing and medications. A majority of the nurses used simple searching technique to find the required information. Most of the nurses aimed to upDATE their information using Up-To-DATE Database. The main barrier to upDATE information was shortage of time.Conclusion: Therefore, it is essential to teach information skills to nurses; so that they can access modern and upDATEd information in the field of nursing and obtain the latest information in this field from evidence-based information sources and databases.

Due to having spring and autumn genotypes and adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall and winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season and DATE on the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing DATEs (7, 17, and 27 October in fall sowing and 9 and 19 February, and 1 March in winter sowings) and sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, and Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain and oil yields were 4330 and 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 and 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain and oil yields (5033 and 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing DATE in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain and oil yields (2996 and 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain and oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid and semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting DATE at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting DATE was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting DATE. Compared to early plantings, Latest DATE, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

Rheological study of DATE syrup, DATE concentrate and DATE liquid sugar can improve their industrial applications specially for sugar (sucrose) substitution. In this research the rheological behavor of DATE syrup, DATE concentrate, DATE liquid sugar and sucrose solutions was investigated using a Brookfield Viscometer at 50, 55, 60 and 65oBrix, 25oC and shear rate of 80-480 s-1 .The variables were product type and concentration. Moreover, for textural evaluation a texture analyser was used to examine DATE syrup, DATE concentrate and DATE liquid sugar at 50, 60 and 70o Brix. The results showed that the Power law model was suitable to the rheological behavior of all samples and all concentrations. In DATE syrup by increasing concentration from 50 to 65o Brix, consistency coefficient (K) increased, flow behavior index (n) decreased and the sample became more shear thinning. However, all other samples were Newtonian. Therefore a similar flow type behavior for these three samples is expected in food processings. Among all tested concentrations, the DATE syrup sample with a Brix of 65 had the highest consistency coefficients. This indcates using DATE syroup in food formulations, usage level of hydrocolloids can be reduced. These findings were confirmed by texture data.

It appears that celiac patients have more trust in products like biscuits and crackers as sources of carbohydrates. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating and optimizing gluten-free biscuits using DATE syrup and DATE seed powder. Sugar levels at 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% were replaced by DATE syrup, while rice flour levels at 0%, 10%, 13%, and 20% were substituted with DATE seed powder. Gluten-free biscuits were assessed based on the dough's textural properties, as well as the biscuits' physicochemical properties, including spread ratio, moisture, water activity, color, antioxidant activity, total fiber, total sugar, fat, and protein, using standard methods. Sensory evaluation was conducted with a 5-point hedonic test, and mouthfeel was assessed with Sensomaker software to determine the optimal replacement levels for DATE syrup and DATE seed powder. Finally, the proposed optimized formulation was produced, and textural and physicochemical properties, including firmness, total fiber, total sugar, fat, protein, ash, pH, moisture, water activity, color, and antioxidant activity, were measured and compared with a control sample. Replacing rice flour with DATE seed powder and sugar with DATE syrup increased the dough’s firmness and elasticity. Regarding the textural properties of gluten-free biscuits, firmness significantly increased with higher levels of DATE seed powder and DATE syrup. For sensory characteristics, replacing rice flour with DATE seed powder and sugar with DATE syrup had a significant effect on taste, crispness, and color.

This research is an endeavor to delineate the structure of world (product trade) market for DATE, the structure of Iran's DATE export and its trade partners, and target markets for Iran's DATE export. Thus, its major parts are as follows: introduction, theoretical and methodological (for both market structure and target markets), world product and trade structure of DATE, and conclusion and suggestion. According to the findings, the world product structure of DATE has been an oligopolistic one alone with fluctuations during 1989-2001.A supply - side examination of DATE world trade reflects a modification and mitigation in the nature of export vis-a-vis the existence of an oligopolistic structure in import. A comparative study of world trade structure of DATE indicated that import is more oligopolistic than export. As to the structure of Iran's DATE export to his trade partners, importers of Iran's DATE export to his trade partners, importers of Iran's DATE have not been of the same position: during 1979-88, Iran's bargaining power vis-a-vis other DATE importers was continuously diminishing during 1989-2001 and particularly during the first development- plan, the monopolistic power of those partners/importers declined due to increasing number of DATE importing countries. It is worth noting that the major Iran's DATE importing countries oftener-export Iran's DATE to final consumer markets.In this research 29 countries have been recognized as target markets of Iran's DATE export and the research is concluded with some final remarks and policy suggestions.