Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the age and sex, etiology and clinical manifestations of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (Hokpp) in the patients. The serum level of Creatine Kinase, a muscle enzyme was also measured. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 40 Hokpp patients hospitalized in Neurology ward and ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital from Sep. 1998 to year 2000. These patients were carefully examined and all laboratory tests were performed including serum Creatine Kinase, necessary for evaluation of hypokalemia.Results: Of the total patients studied, 97.5% of them were males and most patients (80%) were in third and fourth decade of age. Primary Hokpp was observed in 31 (77.5%) patients, 8 (20%) patients had hyperthyroidism and one of them (2.5%) had Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA). On admission 32(80%) patients were quadriparetic and the rare syndrome of dropped head was seen in 4 (10%) patients. Serum Creatine Kinase (CK) level which was measured in 27 patients was high in 14 (52.5%) cases. Conclusion: Hokpp was most common in males as compared to females and older people were more affected. Male sex ratio and age of onset along with CK level in our patients were higher in comparison with the results of similar studies reported elsewhere.

Elevated levels of Creatine Kinase are have been reported in schizophrenia. To evaluate the relationship of this enzyme with schizophrenia we measured serum Creatine Kinase level in patients admitted at taleghani and Imam Hosein hospital (Tehran) during between 1998 and 1999.Serum enzyme level was measured in one hundred (100) cases including 50 patients and 50 controls. The schizophrenia was diagnosed according to DSM- Iv criteria. the controls were matched with the patients by age, antipsychotic drug usage, trauma history and date of admission. the method used to determine serum Creatine Kinase level was that of IFCC/DGKC. Levels above 170IU/L for females and 190IU/L for males were considered abnormal.The mean Creatine Kinase value plus or minus the standard deviation in the control group was 238±311.8 while in schizophrenia group was 397±538.5IU/L which indicates that serum Creatine Kinase of schizophrenia patients is 66.8% higher than non- schizophrenias.More studies for determination of Creatine Kinase effect in scizophrenia are recommended.

Background and Objectives: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) ingestion is a popular ergogenic aid among young athletes to enhance muscle mass and exercise performance. However, there are controversies about the adverse effects of this supplement particularly cardiovascular system. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of CrM ingestion during eight weeks of resistance training on serum CK & CKMB in non-athlete men. Materials and Methods: Seventeen non-athlete healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into experimental (n=9) and control (n=8) groups and participated in a randomized and double-blind design. All subjects completed 24 sessions of weight training (3d/w, and 3 sets/10 reps with 75% 1RM) in eight weeks period. Experimental subjects consumed 250 ml Creatine monohydrate supplementation solution (0.07 g/kg/day) during the training protocol, but control group was took placebo (wheat flour). Venous blood samples were obtained before the training and 24 h after the last session of weight training. Serum CK and CKMB activities (IU/L) of samples were measured. Data was expressed as Mean ± SD and statistically analyzed by statistical methods. Results: The results indicate that CK and CKMB activities were significantly increased in experimental group (CKpre: 146.12±14.61; CKpost: 253.66±21.32 IU/L, P<0.001; CK-MBpre: 10.03±1.21; CK-MBpost: 14.63±1.48 IU/L, P=0.007) while, CKMB activity change was not significant in control group (CKpre: 130.33±18.16; CKpost: 162.50±20.53 IU/L, P<0.009; CK-MBpre: 10.72±1.35 IU/L; CK-MBpost: 11.69±2.03 IU/L, P=0.91). Conclusion: This observation suggests that CrM ingestion might have adverse effects on myocardium damage indices. However, more research is needed to identify the acute and chronic side effects of Creatine monohydrate supplementation in the future.

Introduction: The tonic-colonic attacks are the commonest from of epileptic seizures. Diagnosis of generalized tonic-colonic seizures (TCS) by inspection of seizures, history and paraclinic findings (electroencephalogram) are easy, but diagnosis of pseudo seizures, syncope and TIA from TCS are occasionally differentiated. Determination of serum level of prolaction after attack can help in some of the cases. Determination of serum level of Creatine Kinase (CK) after attack can help to differential diagnosis of generalized tonic-colonic seizures. To determine the utility of serum CK measurement for diagnosing TCS and the best time of measurement this study was designed. Methods: In this descriptive study, serum CK was detected in 50 patients admitted following an episode of TCS in 1,6,24 and 72 hours after attack. T-test and analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Enzyme level was elevated in all of measured time. There wasn’t any significant difference between time 1,6,24 and 72 h. In all times, except 72 h enzyme level was significantly higher than maximum normal level (P<0.05).Conclusion: Determination of serum level of CK is a useful test for evaluating patients with TCS and it’s measurement to 24 hours after episode of seizure is more accurately.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exhaustive exercise on oxidative stress and Creatine Kinase in athletic students. 40 students (with age mean 23.4:t1.7 years, heigh 169.5:t4.76Cm, weight 67:t6.2Kg, BMI 23.35:t 1.7, and V02 max 48.33:t4.34 mllkg.min) voluntarily participated in the study, and their oxidative stress marker means malondealdhede (MDA or TBARS) and carbonylated proteins (CP) and Creatine Kinase (CK) as muscular damage marker were measured before and ofter exhaustive exercise on Ergometer. plasma volume decrease induced changes in CP, CK and MDA corrected by use of Dill and Costill formula. PairedCP and MDA (TBARS) significantly unchanged (p=.359 and p=.30l), whereas CK significantly increase (p=.OOl). CK showed no positive and correlation with CP and MDA neither in rest nor after exhaustive exercise (p=.97, p=41 and p=.005, p=.60). It was concluded that, exhaustive exercise do not increase oxidative stress in athletics, but induce muscular damage. Thus muscular damage and oxidative stress do not correlate significantly and positively. Hest indicatea that after exhaustive exercise

Background: One of the most common methods for assessing cardiac damage is the measurement of biological indicators related to heart tissue damage. This study aimed to compare the effects of two types of acute weight loss programs (2 and 4%) on the levels of Creatine Kinase and troponin enzymes in the elite wrestlers. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 16 young wrestlers (age: 18± 1. 31 years, weight: 71. 68± 13. 17 kg, height: 171± 6. 40 cm) in the form of crossover were randomly divided into two groups with weight loss of 2 and 4% of body weight. Blood samples were analyzed in four stages: before, immediately, 6 hours and 24 hours after losing weight. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test for evaluation of within groups variations, and independent T-test for comparison between groups were used. Results: The results of this study showed that CK-MB was significantly increased in two groups after weight loss (P=0. 009). However, within 24 hours after weight loss, the level of isoenzyme Creatine Kinase returned to the level of resting. Also, there was a significant increase in cTnI level in the two groups (P=0. 004), this difference was more in the 2% than the 4% group, however, within 24 hours; weight loss was returned to resting levels. Conclusion: Although the level of CK-MB and cTnI enzymes increased in two groups after rapid weight loss, but rapid weight loss of 2 and 4% of body weight cannot cause serious cardiac damage.

Background and Objective: Creatine is one of the most important and commonly used supplements athletes, although the molecular mechanisms of Creatine and its side effects are less understood. The high level of the ceratin Kinase enzyme and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes are considered to be a sign of cell damage. This study was done to determine the effect of Creatine monohydrate supplementation on Creatine Kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes following a severe muscle contraction in female athletes. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial study, 30 female athletes were randomly divided into intervention (Creatine supplementation 0. 3 grams per body weight for 4 times duing 7 days and control (placebo, starch powder) groups. Blood sample was collected before supplementation (pre-test) and 24 hours after Cunningham exercise test (post-test) to measuring CK and LDH in each subject. Results: After intervention, the level of CK (323± 63 IU/L) and LDH (119± 13 IU/L) in intervention group had no significant difference in compared to control group (CK: 328± 44 IU/L and LDH: 122± 14 IU/L). Conclusion: The usage of a 7-day course of Creatine supplement did not significantly change the CK and LDH levels following a severe muscle contraction in female athletes.