Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced Cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the Cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced Cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomic appearance of great Cardiac vessels in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as a common bat living in the southern region of Iran. Methods: Five Egyptian fruit bats with a Mean±, SD body mass index (BMI) of 123. 04±, 0. 08 g were selected and studied. Results: The aortic arch (transverse arch) cranial to the heart gives rise to the right and left brachiocephalic (innominate) arteries, each of which immediately divides into common carotid and subclavian arteries. The aortic arch continues caudally on the dorsal side of the heart, inclines to the left of the median plane as the dorsal aorta. The ligamentum arteriosum connecting the dorsal aorta to the pulmonary trunk is seen a few millimeters caudal to the origin of the left brachiocephalic artery. The arrangement of the great veins, including two anterior venae cavae, resembles that found in birds rather than mammals. A left azygos vein entered dorsally to join the left anterior vena cava. The opening of the right anterior vena cava is in the dorsal part of the right atrium,the opening of the left anterior vena cava, similar to the coronary sinus, is at the caudal part of the right atrium. The posterior vena cava opens into the right atrium dorsal and cranial to the entrance of the left anterior vena cava. Conclusion: The evolution in the Morphology mentioned above is in accordance with the flight requirements of bats.

Background: This study aimed to determine the normal dimensions of the mitral annulus (MA) in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using 88 fresh hearts of male and female cadavers for six months in Mashhad, Iran. Normal data were determined by measuring the exact dimensions of the MA in fresh hearts of patients who had died of non-Cardiac causes and considering some parameters such as age, gender, stature, and weight. Images of the valves and leaflets were prepared by marking the anterior (A2, midpoint of anterior) and posterior areas of P1, P2, and P3 using a needle. To analyze the data, SPSS version 16 was used. Results: The means of anatomic area, anatomic perimeter, inter-commissural distance, A2-P1, A2-P2, A2-P3, Base-P1, Base-P2, Base-P3, and Base-A were 14± 1. 28, 8. 3± 1, 2. 7± 0. 42, 2. 27± 0. 37, 2. 3± 0. 43, 2. 06± 0. 35, 1. 66± 0. 43, 1. 2± 0. 97, 1. 5± 0. 66, and 3. 2± 0. 52, respectively. Comparison of the age groups regarding valve leaflets showed that Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were significantly different. Comparison of the valve leaflets and sub-valve indicators between the two genders reflected no significant differenc-es. Age groups differed significantly in terms of Strut-P1 and Base-P2 (P=0. 004 and P=00. 1, respectively). Conclusions: A2-P3, A2-P1, anatomic perimeter, and anatomic area were found to be related to gender. A2-P1 and A2-P2 and some leaflet indicators such as Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were associated with age, whereas Base-P2 was affected by body mass index.

A survey on the Morphology and biology of the elm leaf-mining moth Bucculatrix ulmifoliae was conducted under natural conditions. The developmental periods of 1th+2th, 3th, 4th and 5th larval instars as well as pupa were calculated as 6.40 ± 0.67, 1.76 ± 0.12, 1.92 ± 0.20, 3.51 ± 0.37, 9.61 ± 0.77 days, in a cage at field; and 6.40 ± 0.66, 1.50 ± 0.27, 1.78 ± 0.47, 2.71 ± 0.48, 7.64 ± 0.33 days at the laboratory (25 ± 2°C, RH 65 ± 5 and 16L: 8D hours) respectively. The average life span of the moth was obtained as 23.04 ± 1.02 days at the laboratory and 25.84 ± 0.91 days at the field. Adults of the first generation appeared in early April. The fertile females laid their eggs underside of leaves near the midribs. Upon hatching, the first instar larva penetrates directly via base of the egg into the leaf tissue and creates the mine. B. ulmifoliae had three generations of which the second generation showed its tendency for oviposition. Third generation was observed from the first half of August, and overwintering started at the first half of September. The first and second instars mined the leaf and fed inside, while the other instars fed externally on the underside. Bucculatrix ulmifoliae has three generations a year and overwintering as a pupa in a cocoon in the crevices of barks and fallen leaves on the ground.

In this research, pollen grains of ten species and two subspecies of the genus Hypericum in Iran belonging to four sections were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are monad, isopolar to subisopolar and heteropolar, prolate, subprolate, spheroidal and prolate-spheroidal in shape, small to medium in size. The outline of pollen grains varies from round to triangular, quadrangular and ovate from polar view and elliptical, tetrahedral, quadrangular, round and ovate from equatorial view; 3 and 4 syncolporate to 3, 4 and 6 zonocolporate. Based on exine sculpturing, pore shape, size and muri thickness, the examined species are divided in two main types including scrobiculate and micro reticulate and 2 subtypes including small pore / thick muri and large pore / thin muri. The pores are arranged from irregular to regular-irregular with regular intervals. The current result revealed taxonomically important palynological data of the genus Hypericum. These traits can be used for infrageneric classification, especially at sectional and species levels.

Leonurus Cardiaca is a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, due to the effects of blood dilutioning, the species is used for centuries. The species has a high diversity and widely distributed in Iran, so that from 4 sub species in the world, 3 sub-species are grown in Iran. In this study AFLP markers were used to investigate genetic diversity among 47 samples of 6 motherwort populations and the kinship ties between them. The results showed that 6 selected AFLP primer combinations (MseI /EcoRI) amplified 608 scorable DNA bands, of which 355 were polymorphic (polymorphic 58%). The average genetic similarity of samples was estimated based on the Nei coefficient, 0.26 (0.21-0.30). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was mainly within populations (57%), but variance among the populations was only 43%. A UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance also revealed five major branches in accordance to geographical regions. Maximum and minimum values of genetic similarity of the populations were recorded between “Taleghan 6” and “Taleghan 7” (0.7) and “Dargaz 1” and “Taleghan 7” (0.06) respectively. Data showed a completely different banding pattern of subspecies L. Cardiaca subsp Turkestanicus. of Dargaz region. Coefficient of genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst) and gene flow (Nm), average number of emigration exchanged per generation estimated among the populations, were estimated 0.37 and 0.85, respectively.

The present research is aimed to analyses the morphological typology of Persian on the basis of the framework of Distributed Morphology (DM). According to the findings of DM, the predominant tendency of Persian's morphological type is defined here on a two-dimensional chart; a chart provided by Aikhenvald (2007) from the conjugation typology of languages, which itself was defined on the basis of the criteria proposed by Sapir. The horizontal axis in this diagram deals with the degree of internal complexity of words and its horizontal axis includes the transparency of morphological boundaries between the morphemes within a grammatical word. Accordingly, the main research questions are to determine: the position of Persian language on the basis of “ degree of internal complexity of words” , as well as, its typology on the basis of “ border transparency criteria” . To analyses the grammatical structures of Persian, a variety of diverse structures, among different Persian text types, including stories, textbooks, scenarios, and research papers was gathered, which contained a total number of nine thousand and six hundred words. The investigation on the first question on the basis of Greenberg’ s quantitative standards illustrates that, by achieving a number of one thousand and five hundred and six words from the above-mentioned index, the orientation of today’ s Persian language, according to the “ degree of internal complexity of words” or what is called as “ word combinability criteria” , is towards “ analytic” language type. Considering the second question, the research demonstrates that in view of the “ border transparency criteria” for morphemes which indicates ways to connect morphemes, Persian language is more inclined towards “ agglutinating” language type. Finally, it can be concluded that based on the findings of DM, the dominant tendency of morphosyntactic structures of Persian is towards “ agglutinating-analytic” languages. Therefore, the research findings in considering Persian within the DM framework approves its grouping within agglutinating-analytic language types, though in comparison to the previous studies, the reduction of the statistical results here illustrates the main tendency of Persian's morphological type towards analytic languages and its movement towards becoming more analytic.