Typha latifolia L. is a widespread nuisance aquatic weed species. It is a harmful weed. in the Iranian freshwater systems, especially in the Anzali lagoon. The effects of frequent CUTTING at the different LEVELs of water, competition and late application of glyphosate on dry weight shoot length, number of shoots and numbers of leaves per plants of T. latifolia were studied in the Anzali lagoon. T. latifolia dry weight and shoot length decreased significantly after CUTTING compared to the control plants. Dry weight was uniformly reduced in all treatments after 1, 2 and 3 CUTTINGs. Three cuts during the growing season resulted in almost complete death of the plants. Water LEVEL and intraspecific competition did not have a significant influence on dry weight and shoot length. The best time for CUTTING was late June to early August, when carbohydrate reserves in the rhizomes were low, and just before the inflorescence appears. T. latifolia was susceptible to glyphosate at doses of 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 and higher. Although, high rates (1.5, 2, 3, and 4 kg a.i. ha-1) of glyphosate provided excellent initial control of T. latifolia, long-term control of regrowth was not achieved. Late season application caused poorer control due to a lack of the moyement of photosynthate to areas of high metabolic activity.

Background and Aims: Lasers with different characteristics have been used to stimulate orthodontic tooth movement. Considering the contradictory findings in this regard, this study was designed to assess the effect of low LEVEL laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 12 patients (4 boys and 8 girls; average age: 16.9±3.4) with extracted upper first premolars and required canine retraction into extraction site were included. While in both sides canines were retracted by NiTi coil spring, one side was exposed to GaAlAs laser (890 nm). LLLT was done (on the buccal and palatal mucosa by slow movement of probe) at the beginning of the first month. Impression and cast fabrication performed at the beginning of retraction, one and two months later. The amount of retraction on the cast was measured with the aid of a reference plaque fabricated on the rogae using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using paired sample T-test and one-sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test.Results: There was no significant difference in the amounts of canine movement between laser exposed and control sides (P>0.05).Conclusion: The energy dose of laser used in this study (72 J per each tooth) was not appropriate for increasing dental movement.

Low CUTTING forces can signi cantly reduce the risk of damage to sensitive tissues adjacent to the bone. Because of its better control of the incision, lower CUTTING force and reduced postoperative complications, the application of ultrasonic tools in bone-CUTTING is of concern to surgeons. In this study, through the application of a full factorial design of experiments, the e ects of changes in CUTTING tool geometry, ultrasonic power, bone-CUTTING direction, and tool speed on the CUTTING forces of cortical bone are assessed simultaneously. The variance and regression of the experimental data are analyzed, and the impact of factors and interactions of the elements on the CUTTING forces are discussed. The adjusted coe cient of determination (R 2 adj) of the main CUTTING force and CUTTING resistance force of the statistical model were 91. 49% and 91. 15%, respectively. Both the blade geometry and ultrasonic power, together with their interactions, are the most in uential factors in the CUTTING forces, contributing 82. 2% and 86. 6%, respectively. The formation of teeth in the CUTTING edge improves the CUTTING process and reduces the CUTTING force by about 40%. To obtain high e ciency and low CUTTING force, it is recommended to use an ultrasonic-powered toothed edge blade with a pitch of 1 mm, a low vertical velocity, and a high longitudinal speed.

Background and Aims: Lasers with different characteristics have been used to stimulate orthodontic tooth movements and to inhibit the pain during tooth movements. Considering the contradictory finding in this respect, the effect of low LEVEL laser therapy (LLLT) was evaluated on the pain during orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 12 patients were included with extracted upper first premolars and required canine retraction into extraction site. While in both sides canines were retracted by Niti coil spring, one side was exposed to GaAlAs laser (890 nm). LLLT was done on the buccal and palatal mucosa by slow movement of probe. The patients were asked about their pain on both sides 2 days after beginning of retraction. Pain measurement was evaluated with VAS.Results: Pain perception in LLLT side was significantly decreased (P=0.007).Conclusion: Based on the results, single irradiation of GaAlAs laser (12 J energy per tooth) can decrease pain perception.

Background and Aim: Cosmetic surgeries have been very common and popular in recent decades. Personality traits and mental health could affect people`s motivations of doing cosmetic surgery as a psychological pattern. The aim of this study was to compare maladaptive personality traits and mental health between cosmetic surgery applicants and control group. Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, 45 applicants for rhinoplasty and filler injections, who were selected by available sampling method, answered to DSM-5 Self-Rated LEVEL 1 Cross-CUTTING Symptom Measure and the personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Forty five nonapplicants matched with applicants with age, sex and education were also included as a control group. They answered to the same questionnaires too. The data were analyzed by "multivariate analysis of variance" (MANOVA). Results: Rhinoplasty applicants were not significantly different from nonapplicants neither in maladaptive personality traits nor mental health. But applicants for gel injections were significantly different from control group in detachment (mean differences =-0. 36, P<0. 05), depression (-0. 91, P<0. 01), Psychosis (-0. 44, P<0. 05) and substance abuse (-0. 57, P<0. 05). Conclusion: Plastic surgeons and cosmetic professionals must reconsider applicant`s personality and mental health. Comprehensive psychological assessments must be done, specially for gel injection applicants before any action for surgery.

AISI 4340 steel is a low alloy steel with high tensile strength that has numerous applications in industry. Machinability of this alloy steel is difficult due to its low heat conduction and high heat concentration in CUTTING zone. Therefore, use of CUTTING fluids in machining of this steel is inevitable. On the other hand, environmental problems of using mineral lubricants lead industries to use of biodegradable oils such as Vegetable-based CUTTING fluids. The aim of this study is to investigate the drilling of AISI4340 alloy steel in presence of semi-dry lubricant using soybean vegetable-based oil. For this purpose, drilling parameters including feed rate and CUTTING speed at three LEVELs and workpiece hardness at two LEVELs were chosen. Totally 18 experiments were carried out using coated carbide drill. Results revealed that vegetable-based oil can be used effectively in drilling using a semi-dry lubrication method. In addition, feed rate was the most effective parameter on CUTTING force and surface roughness and by increasing it, the CUTTING force increased, and the surface quality deteriorated. Also, workpiece hardness showed significant effect on surface roughness.

Prediction of CUTTING forces by analytical modeling methods in the machining process has a considerable importance. In this study, mechanistic modeling was used to predict CUTTING forces in milling process by two-CUTTING edge end mill tool with a straight CUTTING edge κ = 90° . This modeling approach due to no need for costly experiments to obtain material behavior information in the high strain rate CUTTING process and due to no need for time-consuming analysis by numerical software as well as the application of material characteristics and CUTTING conditions with coefficients of CUTTING and CUTTING edge have acceptable performance and accuracy. In this research, for the first time, a special design for the work piece was considered to eliminate the effect of round insert tip on modeling error. The results of comparing the predicted and experimental CUTTING force curves obtained from the dynamometer for the three CUTTING force components〖 F〗 _x, F_yand F_z show acceptable agreement. 〖 F〗 _x, F_yand F_z show acceptable agreement.

Predicting the amperage consumption of CUTTING machines could be one of the critical steps in optimizing the energy-consuming points for the dimension stone CUTTING industry. Hence, the study of the relationship between the operational characteristics of CUTTING machines and rocks with focusing on the machine's energyconsuming is unavoidable. For this purpose, in the first step, laboratory studies under different operating conditions at different CUTTING depths and feed rates are performed on 12 soft and hard rock samples. In the continuation of the laboratory studies, the rock samples are transferred to the rock mechanics laboratory in order to determine the mechanical properties (uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity). The statistical studies are performed in the SPSS software in order to predict the electrical current consumption of the CUTTING machine according to the mechanical characteristics of the rock samples, CUTTING depth, and feed rate. The statistical models proposed in this work can be used with a high reliability in order to estimate the electrical current consumed in the CUTTING process.