Relate temperature change Problems, soil salinity and the sharp drop I groundwater levels on the one hand and the recent drought combined with the problems have let to the reduction of consumption in the agricultural sector due to the reduction of the crop production and the adaptation to alternative climates get current products. Recent study conducted for determining suitable zone for saffron in North Khorasan with GIS and model AHP. Parameters like climate data, soil and water for 30 years collected from synoptic and climatologic station around province and from four neighbor provinces. Then parameters weighted upon AHP in parameter importance each region. Data transferred to Expert choice and clustered, rated, integrated for producing the last layer. Results showed that 47. 1 % of province land was suitable and moderate suitable for culturing saffron. But 35. 99% showed critical suitability and the remined was not suitable for Saffron culture. Jajarm, Garmeh, Safia Bada, Esfarayen, Shirvan and Faroj plains are suitable places and Mane, Samalghan, Raz, Jargalan and Bojnourd plains are in critical suitability for Saffron culture.

To determine the most suitable plant density and planting pattern on yield of corn silage single cross 704 in the second culture after harvesting the rice crop research in 2009 on research center city Qarakheyl vice city was run. Factorial experiment in complete block design with four replications was randomized. Treatments included distances between rows (65, 75 and 85 cm), two planting patterns (single row and double row zigzag line) and two levels of planting densities of 70 and 80 thousand plants per hectare was. Results showed more yield per hectare of forage - influenced interactions between row spacing and planting pattern is significantly different between and more forage yield per hectare and the number of days to emergence Tasl affect the interaction of planting density and pattern were. Lowest plant height and ear length than most forage yield - ha (49,220 kg/ ha) under 65 cm distance between rows meters lowest forage yield per hectare (45200 kg/ ha) under 85 cm distance between - m was obtained. Most plant height, ear length, ear number per plant, weight per plant than under planting two rows zigzag pattern was obtained, which consequently highest yield more forage per hectare (53255 kg/ ha) under the zigzag double row planting pattern was obtained. More than forage yield per hectare under the two-factor interaction density of 80 thousand plants per hectare and planting two rows zigzag pattern (55570 kg/ ha) respectively. Maximum of dry forage yield per hectare under the zigzag double row planting pattern (19075, 66 kg/ ha) and minimum planting a row under the linear model (15370 kg/ ha) was obtained.

Saffar (Zabol 10b line) variety was obtained by pedigree method from Goliath×19H cross. Based on preliminary evaluation, this variety showed significant earlier maturity (13 day), in 2010-2011, compared to the other lines of canola. Based on adaptability expieriments in Zabol, Safiabad, Behbahan, Boushehr, Gorgan, Gonbad, Sari and Moghan regions in 2011-2012, its grain yield had not significant difference from control variety RGS, but had a high early maturity. The new variety had a lower rank variance which indicates the Less performance fluctuations and stability in different years and regions compared to control variety RGS. Saffar cultivar with 165 days growth period was 12 days earlier in maturity than control variety RGS in warm south and north regions. The oil content of new variety was 43.15%, which has not significant difference with control variety RGS but in terms of having higher amounts of oleic acid and lower amounts of linolenic acid, it has a better quality. The field response of new variety to stem sclerotinia disease showed good relative tolerance in the north climate, which has significant difference with control variety RGS. Based on outstanding features such as yield stability, early maturity, possibility of escaping from drought and heat in the last season, saving at least one irrigation stage and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name of Saffar in 2018 and recommended for late CULTIVATION in warm areas with short growing seasons in warm south and north climate zones of the country such as the south of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan and Gorgan.

Intensive usage of farm inputs has resulted in environment pressure. The pressure is mainly due to the widely use of chemical inputs and the overdraft of groundwater resources. So, there is a conflict between environmental objectives in the form of lowering resources use and farmers’ objectives in form of maximizing production by using more inputs. In this study, environmental and farmers’ objectives are considered by using multi objective programming. Environmental objectives include the reduction of water, chemical fertilizer, and pistons consumption and farmer' objectives consist of increasing gross return and decreasing risk. The data required to this study are collected from Marvdashst agricultural crops farmers in Fars province.Based on the results, there are trade offs among objectives and a desired combination of objectives. The findings show that the crops of cucumber, canola and barley are consistent with both environmental policy makers and farmers’ considerations. Onion and wheat crops are important from the farmers’ point of view rather than environmental policy makers. Rice, maize and hay maize crops have no priority to cultivate.

For evaluation and zoning of sugar beet susceptible areas based on CULTIVATION systems and irrigation regimes, a research has been conducted as a nested design in West Azarbaijan Province in 2017-2018. For this purpose, 11 counties have been used. In each county, based on the climate three villages have been visited, wherein three famers have been selected in random to complete the prepared questionnaires and take the samples. The measured traits from each field includes root yield, percent and yield of sugar, used water, water conservation, and water use efficiency in different cropping and irrigation systems. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used for zoning and determining their susceptible areas. Results show that among the counties of the province, Piranshahr and Naghadeh have had the highest sugar content and yield with Piranshahr being introduced as the most susceptible counties, due to its lowest used water in modern irrigation and CULTIVATION systems (60×40 and autumn) and highest water use efficiency in modern irrigation system and and 60 × 40 autumn CULTIVATION systems. Based on the zoning, Piranshahr, Naghadeh, Khoy, Oshnaviyeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, and Bukan have had the most susceptible areas and Showt, Salmas, Urmia, and Shahindej have been unsuitable areas in this province for CULTIVATION of this plant. Given the importance of water in sugar beet production, these counties, especially Showt, are not recommended for producing this plant.

Fundamental changes have been taken place in production systems such as agriculture production systems, by the emergence of industrial revolution and technological improvements. Instead of traditional methods based on subsistence economy or limited production for living or area, production systems based on products have been developed for competition and profit in the national and world markets. However, farmers use diversity CULTIVATION as a balancing factor, in order to prevent unsustainable costs and product markets. The diversity CULTIVATION method results in product dispersion, reduced income and unsustainable exploitation of land and water. Instead of diversity CULTIVATION method, one of the best methods for rural regions development is specialization of CULTIVATION pattern through paying attention to every region's characteristics and relative advantages. In this research, we studied and assessed specialization of strawberry CULTIVATION pattern and its role in the rural region development especially in Javarud region of Kurdistan province. Eighty one (81) percent of the whole production of strawberry in Iran belongs to Kurdistan province. There fore, we selected 178 samples from the population by Cochran formula after a survey of the production methods, CULTIVATION patterns and effective processes in improvement of strawberry CULTIVATION pattern the outcome data resulting from the questionnaire were coded and analyzed. Using SPSS software by rank-order Wilcox on test in two intervals, before and after specialization CULTIVATION. We estimated favorable indexes of the hypothesizes using these results and the research field findings. Research findings showed that the indexes of rural regions development significantly improved after the introduction and implementation of strawberry CULTIVATION project.

The evaluation of environmental conditions in particular climatic conditions of crops such as soybean that have a great economic importance for the country. In this regard, climate regions, with a minimum requirement of soybean CULTIVATION were identified. By choosing a 20-year period from 1989 to 2008 and precipitation map of Iran on the basis of all available stations over 20 years of daily data completed, three regions with annual rainfall of over 500 mm in the North, West and South West were then determined. To increase precision, creating a virtual stations on the basis of daily maximum and minimum temperatures, areas outside of the internal parts were removed and each of the relevant area, was approved to determine the ultimate potential. Using CGMS software, the minimum temperature, maximum vapor pressure, sunshine hours and wind were estimated for rainfall estimation from Completely Regularized Spline (CRS) method, and Spline Regularize (SR) method was used to estimate relative humidity. In the next phase, the mean rate of deficit in soybean yield in dry land conditions was determined using the CROPWAT. Then, three valuable layers of precipitation, relative humidity and maximum temperature were explained by the use of AHP to determine the weight of each layer which was overlapped. The results showed that in the West and South West regions, with the percentage deficit crop yield of over 50%, conditions are low to moderate but the western half of the country's northern region can be considered suitable for soybean CULTIVATION. Calculations showed that the deficit efficiency of the crop in this region, was less than 10 percent and thus has good potential for rain-fed soybean CULTIVATION. It also became clear that to start rain-fed soybean CULTIVATION in all regions, the month of Ordibehesht was more suitable than other months.