The cold spot is one of the observed CMB anomalies proposed to be produced by various primary and secondary effects. In this work, we study the gravitational lensing of some of the candidates that could produce the cold spot, namely a huge void and a COSMIC texture, on the various components of CMB random field. Our results demonstrated that the signal to noise ratio of gravitational lensing effect on the CMB temperature field is higher than that of on CMB polarization. We found that for a cylindrically symmetric void at z_Void=0. 8 with σ =-1. 0 a thousand minute observation would detect the gravitational lensing signal while for a COSMIC texture at z_Texture=6. 0 a longer observation is required. We expect the future high resolution surveys can put strong constraints on the amplitudes of the template of these models.

In this research work, commissioning of a radiography end station using proton-induced monochromatic X-RAYS in the Van de Graaff laboratory of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI) is reported. An energetic proton beam with a current of hundreds of nanoamps after passing through the relevant slits in the beam path, is used to irradiate a metallic target leading to the generation of monochromatic X-RAYS. By altering the target, a wide variety of monochromatic X-RAYS with different wavelengths could be generated. The yield of characteristic proton-induced X-ray emission is measured using a Silicon Drift Detector (SDD). The generated X-RAYS could then pass through the window of the reaction chamber and irradiate the sample of interest. In this way, the required conditions for radiography by the “ K-edge contrast imaging” could be provided. By implementing the mentioned analytical technique, using the K-edge absorption of the interest element in the sample, radiographic image contrast could be improved for different samples of cultural heritage such as manuscripts, clothes, and coins in the Van de Graaff lab of NSTRI.

Dear Editor, All types of welding produce ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) radiation at damaging levels.[1] Photokeratoconjunctivitis (welder's flash), pingueculum, pterygium, corneal opacity, and pigmentary macular deposits are common eye disorders among welders. [2-4] Use of protective eyewear while welding helps reduce harmful effects of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation.[5] There are several valid standards such as ANSI Z87.1[6] (American National Standard Institute) that specify allowable transmission values of the harmful RAYS through welding protectors…

Introduction: Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some species of Aspergillus fungus on agricultural products. They have great health, medical and economic significance due to mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on consumers. The purpose of this study is to compare ultraviolet and tungsten RAYS in reducing aflatoxin B1 in rice flour. Materials and Methods: Contaminated rice flour with two concentrations of 50 and 100 ng/g of aflatoxin B1 that produced by Aspergillus flavus in the laboratory were illuminated at 5 times 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes, with two different distances of 7 and 14 cm from ultraviolet light source with wavelength 366 nm and tungsten 100 W. Aflatoxin content was measured using competitive ELISA in two replications. Aflatoxin levels were compared with control samples by SAS (Release 9. 1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) software using Duncan test. Results: The results showed that maximum (67 and 68%) and minimum (14 and 18%) reduction of aflatoxin B1 occur after 50 and 10 minutes irradiation at 7 and 14 cm, by ultraviolet and tungsten light, respectively. The initial concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 did not affect the test, but reducing the distance to the source of light and increasing exposure time led to a further reduction of aflatoxin (P≤ 0. 01). Conclusion: Reducing the distance between rice flour and ultraviolet or tungsten ray source decreases aflatoxin further. On the other hand, the longer exposure to radiation, the more aflatoxin declines. The use of these RAYS can be considered in aflatoxin mitigation of food.

When human, animals and plants cells arc exposed to low doses of an agent that induce DNA damages, they often become less sensitive to the detrimental effects of higher doses of those agents administered subsequently. This phenomenon has been termed an adaptive response. There is growing evidence for the existence of radioadptive response. On the other hand, some investigators have reported entirely negative results in individuals with chromosone instabilities as well as healthy persons. In our previous studies we observed a young healthy non - responder who showed a severe hypersensitivity to radiation after a low dose treatment. We selected this hypersensitive donor for a follow-up study. To assess whether this kind of hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation is a temporary situation or not, we evaluated the frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations during a 6 month follow up. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of this donor were exposed to an adapting dose of 10 cGy X-RAYS followed hy a challenge dose of 3 Gy X-RAYS with different radiation qualities. Our blood donor did not show adaptive response in any experiment.Considering lack of adaptive response in all of our experiments as well as the induction of a statistically significant synergistic effect in some experiments, it may he concluded that lack of adaptive response is not a temporary situation.

Background: The trabecular bone changes in the tibia of C3H/HeN mice were measured 12 weeks after whole body irradiation with various doses of fast neutrons (0-2.4 Gy) or 137Cs-generated gamma-RAYS (0-6 Gy).Materials and Methods: Serum calcium, phosphorus, estradiol concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. Biomechanical property and osteoclast surface level were measured.Results: There was a significant relationship between the loss of bone architecture and the radiation dose, and the best-fittng dose-response curves were linear-quadratic. Mean relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values (Ref. gamma) of 2.05 and 2.33 were estimated for fast neutron irradiation in trabecular bone volume fraction and bone mineral density, respectively. There was a substantial reduction in osteoclast surface level in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained histological sections of tibial metaphyses in irradiated mice with high dose of neutrons.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the loss of bone architecture and the radiation dose. The difference of osteoclastic bone resorption may represent a contributor to the low RBE in high dose of irradiation level relative to that of low dose level.

Introduction: Cyclosporine is known as an immunosuppressive drug. Selenium has antioxidant characteristics. This study investigated the synergistic effects of radiation therapy emitted from Gamma RAYS with the protective effect of selenium after suppressing the immune system of rats with cyclosporine.Methods: 60 adult male mice, randomly divided into 6 groups (5 experimental groups، and one control group). Experimental group number 1: technetium+cyclosporine; group number 2: iodine 131+cyclosporine; group number 3: selenium+cyclosporine; group number 4: cyclosporine+technetium+selenium; group number 5: cyclosporine+iodine131+selenium. Experimental groups 1 and 4 treated with 75 mCi Technetium in a volume of 0.5 ml through intraperitoneal injection. Experimental groups 1 and 5 treated with 0.5 ml iodine 131 (30 mCi). Experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 received 0.1 mg of selenium per kg of their body weight through gavage method. Control group also treated with 0.5 ml normal saline containing 50 mg cyclosporine per kilograms of their body weight to minimize statistical errors. Six hours after treatment with cyclosporine, about 1 ml of heart blood for determining the content of lymphocytes taken and every 6 hours the population of rats has been counted.Results: Percentage of lymphocytes and survival rate was significantly decreased in the experimental group 2. Survival rate of rats in the experimental groups 3, 1, and 4, significantly increased compared to the control group.Conclusion: Treatment with cyclosporine and iodine-131 has a meaningful synergistic effect in the reduction of lymphocyte percentage and also survival time. Selenium and low doses of Technetium has the ability to neutralize the synergistic effect of cyclosporine and iodine-131.

In this research five levels of Saffron Conn weights (6-8-10-12 and 14 grams) and five dose of gamma radiation (0-2.5-5-7.5 and 10 GY) were used. There were 25 treatments with 4 replication. The statistical analysis was conducted on petiole and stigma length on both the irradiated and the controlled. There were no significant difference at 5% level and weight of Saffron Corms and the irradiation does on the petiole and stigma length. The chromosomal studies on the root tip showed the chromosome abnormality in corm weight of 8 and 10 grams and the doses of 7.5 and 10 GY. It can be concluded that irradiation of more than10 GY will cause abnormality and stops the emergence of Saffron. The best does of irradiation was found to be 5-10 GY.

Monte Carlo simulation with CORSIKA code using QGSJET hadronic interaction model is applied on more than 5000 COSMIC ray primaries to investigate dependence of maximum air shower development (Hmax) on mass and energy of, primaries.