Mild congenital heart defects require no treatment, while severe forms of these diseases need immediate interventions. There are several limits in preterm neonates on drug interventions, interventional procedures, and even heart SURGERY due to the prematurity of pulmonary, renal, and central nervous systems. Considering the mentioned points, the collaboration of other medical professions, particularly neonatologists, is needed in the treatment of these newborns. The application of surgical and interventional instruments are associated with limitations owing to the low birth weight in these neonates. Therefore, it is essential to review and modify the treatment program for this group of patients. By the advancement of surgical treatments mainly in fetal course and the approval of their efficiency, designing a new interdisciplinary field is necessary. In developing countries, such as Iran, the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases is difficult because of the lack of expertise in this area. On the other hand, abortion seems to be problematic due to the religious reasons. The legal gestational age for abortion is less than 20 weeks, and the probability of dealing with these kinds of diseases is more than developed countries. During several years, we encountered at least 15 cases with the above-mentioned criteria, five of whom required an immediate intervention. Three patients were dextro-Transpotion of the great arteries, one patient had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, and the two other ones were suffering from coarctation of the aorta and tricuspid atresia type 1A, who all underwent the palliative SURGERY.

Background & Aims: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of lateral curvature of the spine. 2-3% of children under 16 years old have idiopathic scoliosis greater than 10 degrees, but less than 10% of them require treatment. One treatment method is surgical correction and fusion and different types of instrumentation have been used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of segmental fixation of the spine with Cotrel - Dubousset (CD) instrumentation that we have used in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients since 1999.Materials & Methods: Thirty patients (22 girls and 8 boys) with the average age of 10-18 years, had gone under one or two stages of the operation from 1999 to 2004. The amount of curves in sagital and coronal plans were measured on standing radiographs with cobb method. Control radiographs were taken immediately after the operation, then 3 month ,6 month later, and then yearly until 4 years.Results: The patients were followed up for 21 months. Average correction was 44.8% in coronal and 10.6 degrees in sagital plans. Apical vertebral rotation didn't correct significantly, and average rate of it was 0.46 degree. The average correction of apical vertebral translation was 3 cm (1.5-4 cm). Standing and sitting height was increased to 5 cm averagely.Conclusion: CD instrumentation is a suitable method for correction of spinal deformities in both coronal and sagital plans, specially to preserve thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, and there is no requirement for post operative external immobilization.

Surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis may result in spinal cord injury and neurologic deficits. Multimodal intraoperative monitoring (MIOM) may allow for early detection and reversal of spinal cord and nerve roots potential injuries. In three consecutive kyphoscoliosis corrections, MIOM were performed. In all cases Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials, corticospinal evoked potentials, spinal descending D motor waves, free run and/or stimulated electromyography were performed when required. None of the 3 patients had significant SSEPs changes or postoperative radiculopathies distinct from their preoperative presentations. In our cases, tceMEPs were obtained in 78.3% of the applied transcranial stimulations. Propofol or Propofol/Ketamine mixture plus narcotic is suitable to obtain stable reproducible tceMEPs. MIOM is recommended to be used in patients with scoliosis who undergo SURGERY for spinal deformity. Monitoring can practically reduce possibilities of neurologic deficit.

Introduction: Underdevelopment of the lung parenchyma associated with abnormal growth of pulmonary vasculature in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia results in pulmonary hypertension which mandates smooth elective mechanical ventilation in postoperative period, for proper alveolar recruitment and oxygenation, allowing lungs to mature enough for its functional anatomy and physiology. Dexmedetomidine is sympatholytic, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and exerts sedative and analgesic property to achieve stable hemodynamics during elective ventilation. Neonatal experience with dexmedetomidine has been predominately in the form of short term or procedural use as a sedative.Case Presentation: The preliminary clinical experience with pre-induction to 48 hours postoperative use of dexmedetomidine infusion as a pharmacologic adjunct in the emergency CORRECTIVE SURGERY of three such neonates are presented.Conclusions: Hemodynamics remained virtually stable during the whole procedure and post-operative pain relief and recovery profile were satisfactory. The prolonged infusion was well tolerated with a gradual trend towards improved oxygen saturation.Careful planning of the anesthetic management and the ability to titrate the adjunct utilized for smooth postoperative ventilation are the keys to ameliorate the complications encountered and favorable outcomes achieved in such patients.

Background: Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a life threatening, possible complication of CORRECTIVE strabismus SURGERY and is more common among the pediatric patients. Sevoflurane and Propofol are the most commonly used agents in pediatric SURGERY. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two agents on oculocardiac reflex during CORRECTIVE strabismus SURGERY in pediatrics patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 children were divided in two groups and no significant demographic data difference was between the two groups. Group 1 (n=45) received sevoflurane 6-8% as induction agent followed by 2-3% for maintenance, group 2 (n=44) was injected with propofol 3mg/kg as induction agent followed by 200μ g/kg/min infusion as the maintenance dose, bispectral index (BIS) was kept 40-60 in both groups. Oculocardiac reflex was compared between the two groups. Results: Incidence of OCR of group 1was showed a significant decrease. Conclusion: Sevoflurane reduced the incidence of OCR. Sevoflurane may be the agent of choice in CORRECTIVE strabismus SURGERY, compared to propofol.

The incidence of deformities is differing from one population to another. Nevertheless, the rates reported are considerably high. Correction of deformities usually takes place by means of orthognatic SURGERY, orthodontic treatment or a combination of these procedures. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of complications following orthognatic surgical procedures in patients who had undergone this procedure.Patients were selected from those referred to Taleghani Hospital during 1993 to 1997. An existing data analysis was performed by looking up the patients case notes. Results indicated that: from the total of 101 patients, 16.9 percent were suffering from nerve injury with 4.9 percent suffering from bone segment fracture.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of CORRECTIVE exercise and CORRECTIVE games on upper crossed syndrome in female students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study performed with the pre-test and post-test method. The study sample consisted of 60 people who were selected purposely, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the rate of the disorder. In the study sample, the Mean± SD of age, height, and weight were 14. 16± 1. 08 years, 133. 49± 5. 59 cm, and 44. 73± 8. 24 kg, respectively. The study samples were randomly assigned into three groups: CORRECTIVE exercises group (n=20), CORRECTIVE games group (n=20), and control group (n=20). Students with upper extremity syndrome were first identified through checkered screening and the New York test. Then, the subjects of both intervention groups performed the selected training programs for eight weeks, based on the defined protocols. Finally, the one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the between-group differences. Also, the significance level was considered as P<0. 05. Results: After eight weeks of exercise, the intra-group changes in head forward, kyphosis, and shoulder angle were significant in the CORRECTIVE exercises group (P=0. 001) and the CORRECTIVE games group (P=0. 001). Also, the three study groups significantly differed in frontal angle, kyphosis, and shoulder angle (P=0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings, the CORRECTIVE exercises and CORRECTIVE games can effectively reduce the angle of head forward, kyphosis, and shoulder in affected persons. Therefore, researchers and specialists should plan these programs. Moreover, it is recommended to use the CORRECTIVE exercises used in this study with the mentioned principles and have direct and accurate supervision of their implementation to ensure the correctness of the movements.

Please find enclosed my manuscript, “ Importance of Eccentric Training in CORRECTIVE Exercise Continuum: Hints for CORRECTIVE Exercise Specialists” by Hashem Piri, which we would like to submit for publication as a letter to the editor in the journal of New Approaches in Sport Sciences. Eccentric training (ET) is used for performance enhancement, injury prevention, and rehabilitation, but the importance of ET in CORRECTIVE exercise and correction of postural abnormalities is not clear, thus this study purpose was to identify the position and importance of ET in CORRECTIVE exercise. Eccentric muscle activations include active elongation of musculature against an external resistance (Suchomel et al., 2019). ET increases strength (Kaminski, Wabbersen, Murphy, 1998; Roig et al., 2009), cross-sectional area (Schoenfeld, Ogborn, Vigotsky, Franchi, Krieger, 2017) and power (Elmer, Hahn, McAllister, Leong, Martin, 2012) of the muscles. ET improves the flexibility of muscle, too (Nelson & Bandy, 2004; O'Sullivan, McAuliffe, DeBurca, 2012; Ruslan, Norman, Muhamad, Madzlan, 2014). National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) described four phases in CORRECTIVE exercise continuum (CEC) including: inhibit, lengthen, activate and integrate (Clark & Lucett, 2010)...