Process tolerancing based on the process capability studies is the optimistic and pragmatic approach of determining the manufacturing process tolerances. On adopting the define-measure-analyze-improve-control approach, the process potential capability index (Cp) and the process performance capability index (Cpk) values of identified process characteristics of CONNECTING ROD machining process are achieved to be greater than the industry benchmark of 1.33, i.e., four sigma level. The tolerance chain diagram methodology is applied to the CONNECTING ROD in order to verify the manufacturing process tolerances at various operations of the CONNECTING ROD manufacturing process. This paper bridges the gap between the existing dimensional tolerances obtained via tolerance charting and process capability studies of the CONNECTING ROD component. Finally, the process tolerancing comparison has been done by adopting a tolerance capability expert software.

Shot peening applies a residual compressive stress field (RCSF) on the surface of parts. It also shifts “crack nucleation sites” to sub-surface locations. A nondestructive method of measuring the stresses, Sin2 Y was utilized here and the stress values intRODuced to Ansys software. For this purpose, uniform stress in all directions was applied on the con ROD. Loading on the ROD in Ansys had three steps: RCSF caused by shot peening (measured by XRD), and tensile and compressive stresses caused by inertial and gas forces, respectively (calculated). Fatigue Macro of Ansys was resumed carrying out the cyclic loading and thereby, improvement of powder forged CONNECTING RODs' fatigue life, caused by shot peening was obtained.

Changing various parts of different types of engines in the maintenance phase was always a remarkable question. Purpose of the present study is identifying the performance and emissions of a diesel-fueled engine (OM457) before and after replacing CONNECTING ROD and crankshaft with another engine (OM444) in the same engine family. At the first step, a solid model was made then some CFD analyses were done and, results were compared with previous studies for validation after that in the CFD modeling the impact of these parts replacement were observed, and the performance and emissions of this engine were compared with data before replacements. As the result of these replacements, compression ratio and performance were decreased. HC and CO were increased due to lower air-fuel ratio, and NOX was decreased because of the lower temperature of in cylinder. Lowering the CR of a diesel engine will reduce the NOx emission numerously but the increase in other emissions will be slight. So for the environment issues lowering the CR will be a practical and low cost method.

In a previous study, one of the authors of this work calculated the solvation force of a hard ellipsoid fluid with hard Gaussian overlap potential using hard needle wall interaction and non-linear equation proposed by Grimson-Rickyazen. In the present study, using density functional theory and extended restricted orientation model, the solvation force of hard ellipsoid fluid in the presence of more realistic ROD-sphere and ROD-surface interactions si calculated. We investigate weak and strong molecule-surface coupling strengths. The colloids distance effects on density profiles are calculated. We could not find the exact or simulation results for comparison. The results in the case k  3. 0 are compared with the solvation force of hard Gaussian overlap fluid and hard needle-wall interaction. The results corresponded, qualitatively.