Introduction: Carney COMPLEX is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

COMPLEXity in the structural characters of surface in mountainous areas with complicated topography and the effect of difference in travel time between first break and reflected wave have introduced new methods of static corrections.in this article the static corrections is done in 3 STEPs: LVL static corrections, intermediate reference datum corrections, and uniform datum corrections. Additionally in each STEP qualitative control which results the elimination of possible errors and qualitative enhancement of final static corrections will be applied. for evaluation of this method, with series of data obtained from a mountainous area in oil field at south of Iran, which has complicated topography including a fault, in order to solve the LVL static corrections, Inversion of first break model is combined with tomographic inversion. Then according to the first break analysis on normal shot records and tomographic inversion, replacement velocity of intermediate reference datum is obtained. Finally, replacement velocity of uniform datum is obtained from average value coming from tomographic inversion.

The primary feature of the mammalian skin includes the hair follicle, inter-follicular epidermis and the sebaceous glands, all of which form pilo-sebaceous units. The epidermal protective layer undergoes an ordered/programmed process of proliferation and DIFFERENTIATION, ultimately culminating in the formation of a cornified envelope consisting of enucleated corneocytes. These terminally differentiated cells slough off in a cyclic manner and this process is regulated via induction or repression of epidermal DIFFERENTIATION COMPLEX (EDC) genes. These genes, spanning 2 Mb region of human chromosome 1q21, play a crucial role in epidermal development, through various mechanisms. Each of these mechanisms employs a unique chromatin re-modeling factor or an epigenetic modifier. These factors act to regulate epidermal DIFFERENTIATION singly and/or in combination. Diseases like psoriasis and cancer exhibit aberrations in proliferation and DIFFERENTIATION through, in part, dysregulation in these epigenetic mechanisms. Knowledge of the existing mechanisms in the physiological and the aforesaid pathological contexts may not only facilitate drug development, it also can make refinements to the existing drug delivery systems.

Due to the importance of crises, they have been at the center of theorizing by International Relations and states' policy-making. The evolution of the international system has led to the development of the theoretical, analytical apparatus of crises. In this regard, the international system's change and transformation into a COMPLEX-chaotic model have confronted the crisis analytical device with new foundations and rules. Accordingly, given the existing literature's inefficiency in addressing this issue, the fundamental question arises of "how the causal mechanism of crisis formation in a COMPLEX and chaotic international system works? " This article focuses on the theory of COMPLEXity and chaos. The author emphasizes the modern global system's nonlinear logic and presents the crisis analysis system based on cognitive, causal, and law emergence. The article introduces the two models of heterarchy and Panarchy as the leading models shaping of emergence in international relations. Crises arise from the tendency of COMPLEX and chaotic global systems and their power dynamics to emergence and functions in two separate regions of COMPLEXity and adaptation that which lead to the activation of nonlinear mechanisms in such areas and then will cause a crisis.

Background: In this study, we examined a new two STEP induction protocol for improving the DIFFERENTIATION of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural progenitor cells.Materials and Methods: Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were first cultured in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in a humidified incubator equilibration with 5% CO2 at 37oC. To stimulate neural-DIFFERENTIATION of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium was removed and replaced with pre-induction media including retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and basal medium for 2 days. Then, we used nerve growth factor, 3-isobutylmethyl-xanthine, ascorbic acid, and basal medium for 6 days. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of neural specific genes such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, major basic protein, and Nestin.Results: Real-time-PCR showed that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, major basic protein, and microtubule-associated protein 2 genes, after two STEP induction, significantly increased compared to common induction protocol. In addition, our study showed that retinoic acid might play a main role in neural-DIFFERENTIATION and fate of mesenchymal stem cells compared to other neural inducers.Conclusion: The combination of chemicals and growth factors in a two STEP induction protocol may improve the efficiency of DIFFERENTIATION of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural progenitor cells and provide a new method for easy and fast application of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine.