The molecular phylogeny of Vetigastropoda species have been studied based on mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA in the present work for the first time in the northern rocky coastal zones of Persian Gulf during years 2013 and 2014. After morphological identifications of species, DNA extraction, amplifying partial of cytochrome oxidase COI and 16S rRNA and sequencing procedure were done in the laboratory. In this study 9 COI and 5 16S rRNA sequencing belonging to 5 species were measured. Also, phylogeny analyses with drawing phylogeny trees of Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian were done using MEGA6, PAUP and BEAST softwares. The result showed that clade Vetigastropoda, include Trochidae, Chilodontidae, Turbinidae and Fissurellidae families, is not monophyletic, which is not as classic identification. So Trochidae and Chilodontidae are in seprated clade from Turbinidae and Fissurellidae clade᾽ s. This showed not monophyletic relation between this two group which represented difference between classic and molecular classification.

Background: Linear dermatitis is endemic in Iran where most cases occur in the Caspian Sea coast and Fars province. The disease is caused by beetles of the genus Paederus which are active from early spring to beginning of autumn although its incidence rises from May to August. The classic taxonomy of Paederus spp. is based on the male genitalia that is very complex and needs expertise. In this study, we report a DNA-based method to discriminate Paederus fuscipes and Paederus littoralis (=syn: P. lenkoranus, P. ilsae). Methods: Type specimens were collected from north and south of Iran. Molecular typing of the species was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified fragments of mtDNA-COI. Results: Sequence analyses of the data obtained in this study showed significant DNA polymorphisms. There were 89 substitutions between COI sequences of the two species. The mtDNA-COI fragment comprises several useful species-specific restriction sites comprising HaeIII that could result in distinctively different species-specific PCR– RFLP profiles. The HaeIII enzyme cuts the 872 bp PCR amplicon of P. littoralis into 737 and 100 bp and two small nonvisible bands whereas it does not cut P. fuscipes amplicon into fragments. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that molecular typing is useful method and allows one to differentiate between two species and is recommended for discrimination of other Paederus species, which morphologically are indistinguishable or very difficult to be distinguished.

the members of the genus Alburnoides, a member of cyprinids, have very similar external morphology which make their identification difficult. Therefore, application of the modern techniques such as genetic markers can help better understanding of their taxonomic status. In the present study, DNA barcoding method was used to identify taxonomic statue of Namak spirlin, Alburnoides namaki. For this purpose, the specimens of this species were collected from the Qara-Chai and Ab-kamar rivers (Namak Lake basin) using electrofishing device. Then, DNA barcoding of this species was reported and phylogenetic relationships of the members of this genus in Iran were reconstructed. Based on the DNA barcoding results, the validity and identification of this species that has been described based on the morphological characters, were confirmed. According to the results, the highest and lowest genetic distances were calculated between A. namaki and A. holciki, and A. namaki and A. coadi with 6.67% and 0.53%, respectively, suggesting A. coadi as junior synonym of A. namaki. The results also revealed that COI sequence can be used to identify and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in the members of the genus Alburnoides.

Up to now, twelve species of the genus Alburnoides belonged to Cyprinidae have been described from Iranian inland water solely based on the morphological characteristics. The described key characters for these species have no efficiency for their discrimination, and cannot help their precise diagnosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the phylogenetic relationship and verification of these species based on COI gene. For this purpose, 70 specimens of Alburnoides species were collected from 20 sampling sites in six Iranian inland water basins. To determination of inter-and intra-species genetic differences, the DNA of sampled specimens were extracted based on Phenol-chloroform method, their COI gene were amplified using thermal cycler and were sequenced after purifications. Based on the results, the members of the Iranian species of the genus Alburnoides were divided into seven linages. Maximum and minimum intra-species genetic distances based on K2P criterion were found between the populations of A. samiii, and A. coadi, A. holciki, A. parhami and A. nicolausi, respectively. Furthermore, maximum and minimum inter-species genetic distances based on K2P criterion were calculated between A. qanati and A. holciki (7. 56), and A. parhami and A. holciki (0. 33). Based on the results of this study using COI gene, the validity of A. parhami, A. coadi and A. nicolausi were not confirmed and it is suggested to be synonym of A. holciki, A. namaki and A. idignensis, respectively.

Study of the diversity and genetic structure of various fish species are one of the most basic indexes for preservation and restoration of their reserves. the aim of this study is to review taxonomy of a genus of hillstream loaches paraschistura, by molecular methods using gene sequences obtained by cytochrome oxidase gen in the south of Iran. For this purpose, an adult sample of any species which include: 7 specimens P. bamporensis, 3specimens P. sargadensis, 4specimens P. hormozensis, and 5specimens Parascshistura sp. was collected from south of Iran. DNA of these samples was extracted by genomic kit and FCOI20' primer, and was multiplied during PCR process and sequencing after electrophoresis. in order to study phylogenetic relations of COI gene of above mentioned fishes MEGA6 software was used. the results of the study showed that samples of paraschistura genus are placed in 4 clades. Samples of p. bampurensis from different locations with evolutionary distance (0. 005-0. 128) and P. sargadensis are located in one clade close to each other. samples of p. hormozensis with evolutionary distances (0. 042) are located on separate clades. accordingly P. abdolii, P. naumani AND P. delvarii with evolutionary distances (0. 042-0. 206) and Parascshistura sp With an evolutionary distance(0. 030-0. 185) are located on separate clades. Considering the distance of location from each other and also study of morphological traits, molecular results were consistent with morphological traits. Phylogenetic tree analysis in this study shows that morphologic characters together with molecular identification are needed to support recognition of species.

Given the role of Penaeus vannamei species in shrimp farming of Islamic Republic of Iran’ s economy (Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces), the proper management of brood stocks in order to reduce the inbreeding coefficient of mentioned species is unavoidable. Sampling has been conducted from two hatcheries in Hormozgan province and one hatchery in Bushehr Province produced post larvae. Total of 18 samples were collected from three regions and used for genetic investigation. Seven haplotypes have been identified from the 502 aligned sequence derived from the COI gene. Phylogeny study showed all samples from three stations showed one clade with two main clusters showed highly Homozygosity of Bushehr and Hormozgan hatcheries. In this study, the maximum amount of fixation (Fst) statistics was observed between Bushehr and Hormozgan samples with minimal gene flow. Also the minimum amount of Fst was recorded between both hatchery stations from Hormozgan province which had the highest gene flow. Thus, according to the results obtained from this project, any productive application of vannamei shrimp brood stocking for post larvae reproducing should be performed by consideration to genetic research and also genetic differentiation between imported brood stocks.

This conducted to study the taxonomic status of the Turcinoemacheilus populations from the Gaveh River drainage, a part of the Tigris River basin, sampled in 2016, using the COI gene and morphometric characters, since provided morphological and colouration feature could not resolve its identification. For this purpose, after sampling DNA of specimens were extracted using phenol-chloroform method, their COI gene were amplified by thermal cycler and sequenced after purifications. Based on the results, the members of the Turcinoemacheilus populations from the Gaveh River clustered with T. kosswigi with 0. 61% genetic divergance. In addition, this population revealed remarkable morphological differences with other populations of this species and can be distinguished by having almost truncate (versus little emarginate), absence of black spot on the base of the dorsal fin and accumulation of melanophore spots at the base of caudal fin.

A molecular characterization based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was used to genotype central-southern Iranian populations of Varroa destructor for the first time. A 570 bp segement was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction and digested with two restriction enzymes. Digestion of PCR products with XhoI produced fragments of 300 and 270 bp in all samples, whereas digestion with SacI did not produce any digested fragments. Results suggest that all samples belong to the K haplotype previously described for V. destructor in the literature. A total of 22 sequences of Iranian samples (418bp) were registered for the first time in NCBI.

Background: Cockroaches are of vital importance medically and hygienically as they can disperse human pathogenic agents and are especially responsible for food contamination and spreading of food borne pathogens. In this study, part of mtDNA-COI gene of five common pest cockroaches was tested for diagnostic and phylogenetic purposes. Methods: We have described barcode region of mtDNA-COI gene of five cockroach species: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Shelfordella lateralis, and Supella longipalpa, along with the development of a PCR-RFLP method for rapid detection and differentiation of these health pest species. Results: The PCR generates a single 710 bp-sized amplicon in all cockroach specimens, followed by direct sequencing. AluI predicted from the sequencing data provided different RFLP profiles among five species. There was a significant intra-species variation within the American cockroach populations, but no genetic variation within other species. Accordingly, phylogenetic analysis demonstrates common monophyly for cockroach families in agreement with conventional taxonomy. However S. longipalpa (Ectobiidae) diverged as an early ancestor of other cockroaches and was not associated with other Ectobiidae. Conclusion: The PCR-RFLP protocol might be useful when the conventional taxonomic methods are not able to identify specimens, particularly when only small body parts of specimens are available or they are in a decaying condition. mtDNA-COI gene shows potentially useful for studying phylogenetic relationships of Blattodea order.

The taxonomic status of the Iran blind cave barb, Iranocypris typhlops, is somehow ambiguous and molecular analysis can be helpful in clarifying its taxonomy. Based on the existing hypotheses on the systematic status of the blind cave barb, the 5' sequence of COI was used to analyze its systematic status compared to the species of the genera Barbus, Garra and a number of other cyprinids, especially Cyprinid species of Iran, inhabiting rivers in Zagross Mountains. The sequences reported in this study were among the first molecular sequences for the Iran blind cave barb, the first COI sequence for Garra rufa (in Iran) and were the first reports for the species including Capoeta aculeatae, Capoeta trutta, Barbus lacerta, Kosswigobarbus kosswigi, Kosswigobarbus sublimus, Luciobarbus barbulus, Luciobarbus esocinus and Cyprinion macrostomum. Based on the observations made in the phylogenetic analysis, no close relationship was inferred for the blind cave barb and the genera Barbus, Capoeta, Kosswigobarbus, Luciobarbus and Cyprinion. However, there was a close relationship between the blind cave barb and the species of the genus Garra, especially the native G. rufa. Finally, it might be possible to consider blind Iran cave barb as close relatives of G. rufa, which has experienced the miniaturization phenomenon during its evolution. Among the cave barb specimens analyzed, one discless fish carried a haplotype, formerly reported for the disced form of the blind cave barb. This observation can be inferred as an indication of the possibilities such as hybridization between the two disced and discless forms or the instability of disc bearing feature in the blind cave barbs, for which the clarification is in need of more detailed analysis.