Terrorism is a phenomenon which considerable attention has been focused on in recent years. In this respect, the criminal CODE is one of mechanisms has been regarded to combat terrorism. Although the penal CODE is a tool to response the crimes of punishments of offenders, political entity of terrorism can separate the criminal CODE from its basic principles in order to combat terrorism procedures and establishing Tool-using for politicians. Notwithstanding this danger (risk), the criminal CODE has many privileges to the non-legal alternatives which based on the criminal CODE; it can be preferred to other methods like war. Still, the suggested method is creating a comprehensive method to combat terrorism entities which it is to employ every of these methods besides the others.

Communication between and among bilinguals does not always take place in the same manner. In fact, interaction among bilingual individuals depends on the circumstances, topics under discussion, and even the mood of the interlocutors. For this reason, upon careful consideration of the communication between and among bilinguals, one will definitely have to deal with bilingualism in general and CODE-switching and CODE-mixing in particular. It is the objective of the present paper to introduce bilingualism in brief, and deal with CODE-switching and CODE mixing in detail, for bilinguals may follow different patterns in their conversation and adhere to one of the possible choices. Attempts will also be made to provide examples in either one of the cases when deemed necessary.

This essay tries to create a particular framework for ethical CODE of maritime profession using ethical theories. So; first, a summary of ethical philosophers' ethical CODE toward intellectual basis of ethical "good and bad" and "right ana wrong" is presented and then a description of professional ethical CODE, its necessity, benefits, and effects on organizations is assessed. Next, areas which are related to maritime activities and general principles of maritime profession ethics are determined and defined. Finally, some examples of maritime profession ethics in the area of "cargo and passenger", cargo owners", "ship owners", shipping companies", "ports", "ships", "national & international rules and regulations", "categorization institutes", "workplace and co-workers", "environment", and "described insurance companies" are presented in order to use different environmental conditions and situations as a model for regulating ethical CODE in maritime profession.

This article shows that any type of binary data can be defined as a collection from CODEwords of variable length. This feature helps us to define an Injective and surjective function from the suggested CODEwords to the required CODEwords. Therefore, by replacing the new CODEwords, the binary data becomes another binary data regarding the intended goals. One of these goals is to reduce data size. It means that instead of the original CODEwords of each binary data, it replaced the Huffman CODEwords to reduce the data size. One of the features of this method is the result of positive compression for any type of binary data, that is, regardless of the size of the CODE table, the difference between the original data size and the data size after compression will be greater than or equal to zero. Another important and practical feature of this method is the use of symmetric CODEwords instead of the suggested CODEwords in order to create symmetry, reversibility and error resistance properties with two-way decoding.

Ethical CODEs vary significantly from one field of study to another. Some of these differences are because of the variety of questions arise in different fields of study or because of range of knowledge in each field of study. Questions and perceptions that are important for many theologians rarely are considered by philosophers. When theologians ask about the concept of "good" and "bad", they consider the relationship between the act and God. But in philosophy, ethical statements are considered at least from 3 point of views: 1) theology, 2) epistemology, and 3) logic. Anthropologists' standpoints absolutely differ from theologians' and philosophers' standpoint, because they put their emphasis on the relationship between ethic and culture. In this paper, various aspects of ethical CODEs in different fields of study are studied and main approaches of ethical CODEs are assessed. This study clarifies that all cultures share common fundamental psychological characteristics and ethics are resulted from interaction of culture and common psychological properties. Both culture and ethics are arising from human nature. There are some universal fundamental affairs in the human ethical perceptions which are resulted from universal affairs of human nature. It is true that human being is egocentric, but this egocentricity can be the source of ethics just in interaction with sociality.

Marine Transport terms in competition of presenting safer services to its stake holders. The cargo and ship owners are considering the issue as their main concerns. Implementing the ISM CODE is a way of achieving and improving mentioned safety goals. Implementation of these goals, would be in hands of correct operation of the ship’, s masters and their crews. Management and responsibility of implementation of the ISM CODE would be on shoulder of the ship masters and how they transfer the concept and importance of the CODE to their crews. The role of a master is to intermediate between the shipping company and the seafarer and the ship as an individual. Appropriate management of inter relation plays a sensitive role on implementing the ISM CODE. In line with the above, there are five categories for implementation of the CODE which, the following should be taken into consideration,human resource management on board of vessel, training of seafarers, the role of safety management in shipping companies and safety and security matters. These data collection has been carried out from a group of Iranian Ship masters as expertise’, s, and the answers were obtained for the analysis. The role of motivation in improving the implementing of the CODE has been considered as a challenging point. In the second part of the research, notably the reliability of each part and motivation theory, has been taken into the consideration. To analyze the collected data, the SPSS 16 and AMOS software’, s were utilized. The collected statistics showed that implementing of ISM CODE by the Iranian seafarers is realized and the calculated amount of chi-square and the degree of freedom (df) indicates the virtually of the research. Therefore, implementation of the ISM CODE along with motivation would have a positive effect in the safety on board of the ships and would result in the safety of navigation for Iranian seafarers.

Output Coding, in which a multiclass problem is decomposed into simpler binary sub-problems, has become a popular ensemble classifier approach. Originally the CODE matrix was chosen based on error-correcting principles, which led to Error-Correcting Output Coding (ECOC). However, various CODE matrices have been proposed for use with the Output Coding technique. In this paper we consider properties of the CODE matrix that affect performance, and with the help of synthetic and natural data, compare random, BCH and equidistant CODEs.