Introduction: On one hand the prevalence of Irritable Bowel SYNDROME (IBS) ranges from 4 to 12 percent in the community; on the other hand, Celiac disease is prevalent in 4% of the IBS patients. Regarding the fact that cereals containing gluten are routinely used in Iran, diagnosing celiac disease in IBS patients is important for conducting the treatments. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of Celiac in IBS patients.Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a case control prospective study. Eighty six subjects were enrolled in this study according to Rome II Criteria. The control group included healthy subjects that were checked up on a routine base. The evaluation of Celiac was done through serology exams such as Anti Gliadin and Anti Transglutaminase (IgG and IgA).Results: Thirty eight male and 48 female patients suffering from IBS with a mean age of 34±11.7 years were enrolled in this study. The case and control groups were not significantly different in terms of sex and age. Flatulence, excessive gas passing and mucus passage were the most frequent symptoms in IBS patients. Night symptoms and weight loss (alarm signs) were observed in 37% and 32%, respectively. Elevated Antigliadin Titer was evident in 22 subjects (25%) which suggests a significantly higher rate for the case group as compared to the control group (t=4.67, P=0.0001).Elevated IgG Anti Transglutaminase Titer was observed in 2 cases (2.3%) while IgA Anti Transglutaminase was not elevated in any of the IBS subjects, neither in the control group nor in the case group.Conclusion: Biopsy of small intestine can be suggested to rule out the elevated Antigliadin Titer Celiac Disease in IBS patients.

Introduction: CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME is a complex disabling disorder and the symptoms of the disease are common. It can be named as weakness, muscle aches, memory weakness and mental disorientation, insomnia, chest pain, confusion, night sweats, weight loss and psychiatric problems such as depression and early suffering, anxiety, and so on. People with this SYNDROME, often show the occurrence of a unique FATIGUE that differs from other symptoms of FATIGUE. Most patients with diagnostic criteria for CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, also receive some diagnostic criteria for psychiatry, in particular, anxiety and depression disorders. Method: The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on FATIGUE, anxiety, depression of staff of Islamic Azad university, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch, suffering from CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. Research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-and post-test design with a control group. For this purpose, 200 staff, according to Cohen et al. (2000), who had entry criteria for research, were selected by a randomized sampling method and responded to CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (Jason, 2010), and quality of life questionnaire (Ware and Hays, 1998). Twenty-eight persons who received diagnosis of FATIGUE SYNDROME were selected and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (each group 14 persons). The subjects in the two groups, before and after intervention, and one month later, answered to research instruments, including FATIGUE scale (Chalder, 1993), hospital anxiety and depression scale (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy was applied to experimental group, in 8 sessions with each session of 90 minutes, but no intervention was carried out in control group. Results: For data analysis, multiple analysis of covariance was used. Findings indicated a reduction in means of FATIGUE, anxiety and depression in experimental group, in comparison to control group (p ≤ 0. 05). Findings indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective on FATIGUE, anxiety and depression of staff with CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this research, reduction of FATIGUE, anxiety, and depression in staff suffering from CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be a useful as intervention.

This is a comprehensive literature review of CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS). We provide a description of the background, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management regarding CFS. CFS is a multifaceted illness that has many symptoms and a wide array of clinical presentations. As of recent, CFS has been merged with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Much of the diffi culty in its management has stemmed from a lack of a concrete understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. There is a potential association between dysfunction of the autoimmune, neuroendocrine, or autonomic nervous systems and the development of CFS. Possible triggering events, such as infections followed by an immune dysregulation resulting have also been proposed. In fact, ME/CFS was fi rst described following Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections, but it was later determined that it was not always preceded by EBV infection. Patient diagnosed with CFS have shown a noticeably earlier activation of anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy, which is suggestive of impaired oxygen consumption. The diff erential diagnoses range from tick-borne illnesses to psychiatric disorders to thyroid gland dysfunction. Given the many overlapping symptoms of CFS with other illnesses makes diagnosing it far from an easy task. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers it a diagnosing of exclusion, stating that self-reported FATIGUE for at minimum of six months and four of the following symptoms are necessary for a proper diagnosis: memory problems, sore throat, post-exertion malaise, tender cervical or axillary lymph nodes, myalgia, multi-joint pain, headaches, and troubled sleep. In turn, management of CFS is just as diffi cult. Treatment ranges from conservative, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants, to minimally invasive management. Minimally invasive management involving ranscutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation of target points has demonstrated signifi cant improvement in FATIGUE and associated symptoms in a 2017 randomized controlled study. The understanding of CFS is evolving before us as we continue to learn more about it. As further reliable studies are conducted, providing a better grasp of what the SYNDROME encompasses, we will be able to improve our diagnosis and management of it.

FATIGUE is an unpleasant mental feeling that has also been shown to decrease physical and mental performance. FATIGUE is a very common complaint and it is important to Healthcare Experts. This study was aimed to compare the metacognition of people with CHRONIC FATIGUE and healthy. In this study, 120 undergraduate students (60 CHRONIC FATIGUE and 60 healthy) of Tabriz University were selected by multistage cluster sampling and screening metods. The participants filled FATIGUE Impact Scale (FIS) and short form of Wells meta-cognition scale (MCQ-30). Analyzing data was performed via independent samples t test. Research findings revealed no diffrences in subscales of cognitive selfconsciousness and negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability, but there were diffrences in positive beliefs about worry, lack of cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts, significantly.On the basis of results, focusing on the role of metacognition could be the important part of therapeutic interventions for the people with CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME.

Objectives: The present project studied epidemiology of CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS) and its relation to psychiatric difficulties in female nurses. These nurses were employed at educational hos- pitals under the auspices of Tehran and Ahvaz Universities of Medical Sciences. Method: The project’s subjects were 1263 nurses; 175 of them were selected through census sampling from the city of Ahvaz and 1088 were selected from Tehran via stratified random sampling. To collect data, the followings were used: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Chalder of FATIGUE Scale (COFS), Krupp FATIGUE Severity Scale (KFSS), Whitely Index (WI), and clinical interviews. Findings: This evaluation showed that the prevalence of CFS was 7.3% in all nurses under study. The prevalence was 3.4% and 7.9% in nurses from Universities of Ahvaz and Tehran respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of the SYNDROME was 7.9% in married nurses and 6.5% in nurses who were single. There was a significant correlation between FATIGUE and hypochondriasis, somatic com- plaints, anxiety and sleep disturbances, social dysfunction and depression. Results: The nurses employed at Universities of Tehran and Ahvaz lack suitable mental health condition