Many studies have shown that viruses after they enter the host cell can interact with mitochondria and disrupt their function; particularly some studies have determined that these effects can alter the mitochondrial structure as well as changes in the pathway for energy production. The effect of virus or viral protein on the electron transport chain, sometimes following entry of divert viruses to the host cell, will result in a sharp decrease in cellular energy at the end of the electron transport process. In addition, nowadays new data indicate that a number of viruses may affect the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and thus affect the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Such effects can lead to clinical outcomes, particularly in the context of sustained infections, which can ultimately be considered as a possible cause of CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS). Therefore, as a hypothesis, it may be concluded that viral infections may be one of the main potential etiology for this SYNDROME.

Background: CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME is a common disease that is increasingly growing incidence in recent decades and for which there is no effective treatment. The aim of this study is to review the benefits of dietary interventions in reducing the symptoms of this SYNDROME.Methods: In order to search articles, the words CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, Fibromyalgia, Diet and Food in data bases include PubMed, Science direct, Scopus between the years 2009 and 2014 were used. The articles that were directly related to the topic of this review were selected.Results: Dietary interventions are often safer and less expensive in compared with standard drug therapy.Moreover, these interventions can also be controlled by patients themselves. The prevalence of food allergies and food intolerances in patients who suffer from CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME are higher than the general population, therefore, most of the restrictions are applied on dairy products and cereals. Since there is not a homogeneous pattern of food avidness hence dietary restrictions should be based on food allergies and food intolerances.Significant reduction in pain and stiffness scores was to shown by using the phytonutrient rich Medical Food compared with the control groups having a vegetarian diet is effective for improving the symptoms of this SYNDROME.Some data suggested that nutritional deficiencies are involved in causing the disease Such as inadequate intakes of magnesium, selenium, zinc, iodine, iron, melatonin, vitamins and branched chains amino acids. Consequently, nutritional supplementation is necessary, although another study using a broad-spectrum nutritional supplement for the treatment of symptoms associated with the disease did not support the benefits of supplementation.Conclusion: further research are needed in order to find potential benefits for patients who suffer from CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME. Due to the dominant situation of oxidative stress and lower antioxidant capacity in these patients having low levels of certain nutrients such as magnesium and selenium, it seems a series of interventions which will get dietary antioxidants increases are effective in reducing the symptoms of this SYNDROME.

Many studies have indicated that viruses can interact with mitochondria and affect their function. Further, emerging data now show that many more viruses may influence the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and thus there is widespread potential for interaction with the respiratory chain in this organelle. Such interactions could have consequences for the clinical outcome of persistent viral infections when energy generation is disturbed; and eventually will be a possible cause for CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS). Therefore, it is hypothesized that viral infections maybe the main aetiology for this SYNDROME.