The idea of CHILD FRIENDLY CITY, to reach CHILD welfare, makes urban spaces proper for CHILDrens` activities. Today mant countries apply CHILD FRIENDLY CITY principles, but most designed urban spaces for CHILDren in Iran are other countries` preceding examples and experiences, with no regarding to cultural context. However, urban planning does not reach its goals unless all citizens` needs are included. CHILDren need an environment to address and be challenged in it. A place has to encourage CHILDren to discover and develop their infornations. Islam not only pays attention to present needs of CHILDren, but also considers them in a path named “ Perfection (Kamal)” and presents a plan to cross it. A designed place with attention to Islamic values has to be the equilibrium point of human different needs. In other words, material tools pay the way for reachimg spiritual aims. Islam divides CHILDren age range into three 7-years phases. CHILDren need to be free and trained by playing in first 7 years. They need to learn hoe to recite Quran, also scientific lessons in second 7 years. The most effective factor on CHILDren behaviors is the environment here which highlights the role of urban spaces in CHILD pedagogy. Third 7 years are the time for asking help from CHILDren and teach them Halal and Haram issues. Due to the importance of the relation between CHILD and the environment in second 7 years, this research focuses on 6 to 12 years old CHILDren. It is obvious that there is no Islamic Iranian example of urban designing project that considers CHILDren as CITY members and their present and future needs along with growing up in the environment. Hence, this research is decided to find the answer of this question: How can neighborhoods open spaces affect training Islamic religious contents to CHILDren, as well as meeting their present needs? Studing religious, gnostic and philosophic resources, as theorithical basis, and by usig deductive strategy to set a theorethical model, also inductive strategy to test the model in field study, an Islamic Iranian model named “ CHILD Preceptor CITY” is presented. According to this model, a proper CITY from Islamic perspective adopts content approach (the nature of CHILDrens` needs) as well as procedure approach (the process of CHILDren growth) and these two approaches together turn a CITY to an active preceptor. Findings show that there are five criteria forming CHILD preceptor CITY structure: training contents (Responsibility, God-contentment, Endeavour, Moderation, Loving God, Believe in resurrection, Purposefulness, Surveillance, God-obedience); training methods (Theater, Story telling, Contemplation, Field Trip, Encouragement and Punishment, Observation, Having a role model, Kindness, Consulting, Preaching); environmental features that are divided in four categories: Geographical/Physical (Physical realm, Physical desirability, The least physical risks, Natural elements, Affordable setting, Light and shadow), Functional (Priority of function to the form, Interacting with other CHILDren, Family motivation to play outside the house), Perceptual (Social support, Presence of an acquainted adult, Considering path and landmark, prior to other cognitive elements, Mental realm, Challenging and complex environment, Discoverable environment), Behavioral (Various behavior settings, Regular freely playing, No restrictive environmental rules); cultural environment; and characteristics of a special age group. The relations between them are defined as: training contents are transferred to CHILDren with specific characteristics due to their age range, by training methods; with the help of environmental features, in a cultural bed. Contributed environmental indexes in transferring religious contents to CHILDrens, were ascertained by Delphi method. To answer the research main question, six middle class neighborhoods in Tabriz CITY were selected in which the relation between environmental indexes and religious contents were studied by indirect observation and semi organized interviews with 72 CHILDrens 6 to 12 years old. As findings show, environment can play role in informal pedagogy and transferring religious contents to CHILDren, besides formal pedagogy at school or home. It can be either obstructive or empowering in a way that environmental empowering indexes ought to be identified while obstructive ones need to be omitted. “ Feasibility of having a personal realm” and “ social support” as empowering indexes, have the most frequencies in target neighborhoods; whereas “ various behavior settings” , “ affordable settings” , “ social and physical risks” and “ complex and challenging environment” as obstructing indexes, have the least frequencies. “ Family motivation to play outside the house” , “ the least physical risks” and “ designed park” are environmental superior indexes in Parvaz district. “ Presence of natural elements in parks” and “ the least social risks” distinguish Zaferanieh district from others. “ Physical desirability” and “ Presence of natural elements in the neighborhood” are strength points of Yaqchian. “ Off-neighborhood land uses” in Golshahr, “ Physical risks” in Vilashahr, “ Family dependency on car” in Yaqchian, “ Family having control on CHILDren” in Zaferanieh, “ Social risks” in Parvaz and “ Family disagreement with playing outside the house” in Sahand district, are obstructive indexes which limit CHILD-environment interaction and consequently, complicate receiving religious instructions.

Today s CITY is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of CHILDren and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’ t pay enough attention to CHILDren and their needs. In this regard, when there is no attention to CHILDren, their software and hard ware needs, so the future of their lives is pndangered. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the CHILD s deprivation in shiraz and the impact of CITY building elements on moderating the effects of urban deprivation of CHILDren. The research methodology of this paper is descrivptive analytical in parallel.

Objective: Cities and urban spaces can be either positive or negative locations for CHILDren. Neighborhoods must ideally be social places for CHILDren so that they can easily state the principles of communities and cultures and exchange them with CHILDren. This research aimed to study the status quo and the effectiveness of each of CFC indicators in order to evaluate the life satisfaction in Mashhad, Iran. In this regard, we reviewed the CFC literature. Methods: This is an applied, descriptive survey researh. CFC's theoretical principles and literature were reviewed using the documentary studies. Then, the indicators were extracted and localized using the dimensions stated in the last UNICEF Report (2007) and valid sources in this regard. In the first stage, the status was reviewed by a field visit. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in order to assess the status quo and the effectiveness of indicators from the perspective of parents with 6-12 year-old CHILDren and CHILDren in some CHILD-based questions. The statistical population consisted of 13 Municipal Districts of Mashhad, Iran. Districts 1, 6, and 8 were selected as the sample using clustering based on the municipal income in 2014. District 1 represents rich class; District 8 shows semi-rich class; and District 6 represents poor class. Data were analyzed by SPSS. To assess the hypothesis, firstly Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used in order to test the normality of the data and then T. test, Tukey test and ANOVA were employed to review the current situation and the impact indicators as well as the gap analysis. Results: The results indicated that the effects of the following indicators were not significant in the formation of CFC in Mashhad: Participation in decision-making, health, education, and culture. According to the UNICEF standards, the results of the status quo also showed that all indicators were ranked medium or medium-to-low regardless of quantitative scale using field observations. The measures were among those for developing and developed countries. In quantitative assessment, all indicators were greater than the statistical standard (number 3) except for Playground and Green Spaces Conclusion: Promoting welfare and healthy CITY indicators in CFCs requires the participation of all agencies. Municipality as the coordinator between authorities and training and educational bodies can play a key role in this regard. Urban management has come to the conclusion that CHILDren are prioritized and municipality is an important part of this element. Without participation, the ultimate goal, which is the healthy society, is not fulfilled.

Today, CHILDren are the future generations of our society. That explains the need for general understanding and all the way to CHILDren and design and build the CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY. The goal of this research CHILD FRIENDLY CITY Foresight of Tabriz CITY and The type of research is applied-developmental. And the MicMac, GRA and Scenario models have been used for data analysis. According to the results of the MicMac software 10 key factors were identified. These key factors were then prioritized using the GRA model at the level of 10 Tabriz areas. The results of the gray analysis method were determined and it was evaluated for 10 areas. Zone 1 is the top priority, Zone 4 in the second priority and Zones 9 and 8 had the worst situation than CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY. And finally, important influential scenarios were formulated in the CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY of Tabriz Using ScenarioWizard. And the results from the scenariowizard showed that 13 plausible and probable scenarios (1 scenario with optimum status, 2 Scenarios with fixed status and 10 critical-case scenarios) were obtained for the future status of the CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY Foresight in the Tabriz CITY. According to expert opinions, there are desperate situations to accomplish CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY in Tabriz's 10 districts in the 1410 Horizons especially for areas 8 and 9. This subject necessity of planning has made it necessary. To counteract and reduce the negative impacts of their occurrence, as well as the need to pay attention to the optimal scenario.

The present article studies researches conducted over the field of CHILD FRIENDLY cities, especially in Europe, from 1980 onwards. Those researches are mostly about the allocation of the right of citizenship to CHILDren and satisfying their needs. The CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY (CFC) is today on top of agenda of decision makers over urban affairs. This is particularly important when considering that the world’s population of CHILDren in urban areas of developing countries is on the rise. The present article specifically tries to study the chances of CHILDren to have a share in making their own environment and highlights their ideas on that front. What further increases the significance of this is the fact that the CFC project is mainly about creating opportunities for CHILDren in order to shape or change the environment around them. In recent years, many studies have been carried out in developed countries about CFC. For the first time in 2007, UNICEF identified Bendigo in Australia as the first CITY in which the CFC project was successfully implemented. Bendigo was in fact identified as a CITY in which CHILDren's rights had been catered for as an important priority in urban planning issues. In Iran, the issue of protecting CHILDren's rights in urban planning is almost a new concept. The first important measure to that effect may have been taken by UNICEF after Bam earthquake in southern Iran. Nevertheless, it was only in 2000 when Evaz CITY in Fars province was chosen as a CFC project in Iran (Esmaeilzadeh Kavaki, 2011, 146). Shiyeh for first time in Iran wrote a book entitle "Prepare CITY for CHILDren" in which the need for considering suitable urban spaces for CHILDren was addressed as well as how to deal with CHILDren's needs. The methodology adopted for doing the present research is descriptive and analytical and is also based on library surveys and field studies. The research envisaged group conversation methodology and careful attention was paid to CHILDren's ideas about Quchan, a CITY in northeastern Iran, and their living conditions in the environment around them. Also, a goal group was used to assess the results based on CFC norms. The present article will try to answer the following question: From the viewpoint of CHILDren, what should an ideal CITY look like? This question is based on the assumption that CFC allows CHILDren to have a share in designing their ideal CITY. To find the answer to the above question for the case of Quchan, the researchers tried to use control analysis and group conversation. The researchers also used questionnaires as well as paintings by CHILDren and even interviewed them. A goal group was used to obtain more precise descriptions of the expectations of CHILDren for an ideal CITY and those expectations were used to design a CFC model for Quchan. The participants in the research were 40 CHILDren between 9 to 11 years old from Meraji elementary school in Quchan. The CHILDren were randomly selected. The first activity was interviewing the CHILDren.  Also, instead of increasing the number of participants, the researchers tried to assess the results of studies and interviews with a goal group. The present study shows that Quchan is in the first levels of CFC. Some 64 percent of CHILDren believe that so many trees, green space and CHILDren's game equipment must be installed in their neighborhoods. As a result, the research revealed that it is necessary to consider CHILDren's participation in designing the CITY environments. Analysis of results also showed that it is necessary for state organizations and municipality to take administrative and operational strategies for the realization of CFC objectives by considering CHILDren's expectations of an ideal CITY structure. Interestingly, most of the CHILDren in their paintings have drawn a neighborhood full of trees and beautiful natural landscape free from any form of air pollution. They also used signs and symbols that portrayed their neighborhoods as a safe area. This may be an indication of a lack of safety for CHILDren in areas under study in Quchan. Some CHILDren even drew in their paintings of an ideal CITY a special place for CHILDren's cinema to show movies for CHILDren. The results of the questionnaires showed that only 32% of CHILDren go to school on foot and 46% with school bus or other transport means. The rest showed in their questionnaires that go to school with their parent cars. Nevertheless, they described this as a very disturbing issue because the CHILDren prefer going to school with school bus. Results of the study revealed more dimensions about what needs to be done with regards to implementing a successful CFC model in Quchan. The study also showed that domestic and international organizations like UNICEF and the Center for Intellectual Development of CHILDren of Iran can play a key role in the establishment of a CFC project.  Nevertheless, Iran currently lacks any specific action plan for the implementation of a CFC project in cities. In fact, most cities like Quchan are in elementary levels of moving toward CFC ideals.

User participation in many projects, couldn' t reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, usage of community architecture is broader than participatory architecture.Community architecture is a recent approach of achievements by community groups who have been effective in shaping their environment. The term community is used in different ways but two major use are more important: first is the territorial and geographical notion of community-neighborhood, town, and CITY.The second is relational concerned with quality of character of human relationship without reference to location.Community Architecture consider to cultural values and behavioral needs of community to improve the quality of the built environment. Different typology of participation exist through a participatory process: "self-mobilization", "giving information", "consultative design", "functional participation", "interactive participation", "regionalism" and "interpretive participation".Current state of the literature shows tow approaches: first: sociological approach that searching for local community functioning and second: psychological approach that focus on psychological sense of community. Sense of community (SC) factor is a useful assessing tool to find out outcomes of community participation.SC (sense of community) factors have four elements: 1-membership; 2-influence; 3-integration & fulfillment of needs; and 4-shared emotional connection.One of the participatory projects in this case, is CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY of BAM.The CFC project inBAM (after destroyable earthquake 2003 in BAM, IRAN) was searching the main factors that make a CITY CHILD FRIENDLY. Based on this goal, some workshops were hold at 2004 and CHILDren participated in order to form their environment. The workshops focused on community participation, using CHILDren as key planners of their own environment from CITY planning to design a school.in these workshops, CHILDren participated with some tools such as drawing, role playing, puzzle, workshops, behavioral mapping, etc. After 5 years later, a POE was held to assessing on the projects (dream school).The result shows little relation between CHILDren ideas and the built school. CHILDren priorities to design their school is differ to architect priorities and the built environment is not outcome of CHILDren participation and their needs and dreams but there is a relation between SCI factors and CHILDren participation.A correlation research method shows that there is a meaningful relation between SCI factors and participation of users (CHILDren) in design process of architecture. On the other hand, existing sense of community factors (in case BAM, this is because of earthquake) among users is a necessary condition to use participatory methods in architectural design process.Studies of CHILD FRIENDLY CITY project in BAM (post earthquake) shows that we can reach the proper goals of community participation in the built environment, not only by accurate participatory tools, methods and levels, but also with existence of sense of community among the users. So, today new paradigms of community participation in design process is based on SC factors and fostering sense of community among users can provide better context to reach aims of community design.

Objectives: The role and significance of local communities and participation in rural, urban development and planning is increasing throughout the world day by day. UNICEF in cooperation with the municipality and CITY Council of Barn are trying to establish the CITY of "Dustdare-E-Kudak" (CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY) in the quake-hit CITY. The plan will involve citizens' sustained participation in planning and decision-making processes, management, executive tasks, assessment, supervision, and distribution of benefits within local communities. Since the nature of a local community depends on the social capital which, in turn, relies on the neighbors' networks in urban areas, it was necessary for the level oflocal and social capital in the CITY of "Dustdar-E-Kudak" (CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY) to be determined both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the weaknesses be identified and, accordingly, the necessary planning and required measures be taken. The present article is the result of a research aimed at gaining this basic and necessary goal.Methodology: The study is a survey research in which data were collected by means of standardized interviewing (questionnaire), in which questions were mostly based on Likert Scale and suitable for Barn's setting. About 1417 subjects were involved in the research, of whom, 288 above the age of 15 from both genders, were selected through Stratified Random sampling and finally were given interviews. The five following factors were considered for social capital:social participation (formal and informaV traditional and modem), interactive norms, social trust (inter-personal, generalized, institutional and governmental). It should be noted that the validity and reliability of the research were acceptable. For reliability of the test, Cronbach's alpha, and for validity of the research, formal and construct validity were used.Findings: The state of social capital's components in the target area is generally average. The index of participation was divided into two dimensions: objective and subjective. The subjective participation among citizens was low and the objective participation was average. Applying the hypothetical testing of U Mann-whitney, we also showed that there is significance difference between the average foonal objective participation with infonnal objective participation, and traditional objective participation with modern objective participation. In other words, objective participation in fonnal and modern foons is low, whereas objective participation in infoonal and traditional forms is average.Descriptively speaking, traditional participation is high and new participation is low, and participation in infonnal participation is far more than participation in fonnal participation.The social capital's internal relationships were tested through Speannan's Coefficient of correlation, and participation, the basis for a local community, was considered as the dependent variable. Positive and significant relationship between the index of noon (strength of correlation=0.31) and the index of trust (strength of correlation=0.33), and also the negative and significant relationship between the sense of powerlessness (correlation = -0.45) with the social participation were confioned.The results of the regression equation are as follows:Interaction 0/13+ social confidence 0/23+ sense of powerlessness 0/34 = social participation 1/60.Conclusion: If a local community is a network made up of individuals having interactions with each other and generally living in a single area, then social capital is something which creates and objectifies that local community (like an interacting group with a local identity). Therefore, for creating local communities based on the residents' stable participation in the CITY of "Dustdare Kudak" (CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY) in Bam, it was necessary to identify the potential for social capital, particularly social participation as well as the factors affecting participation in thc questioned area, and to plan accordingly.So, the findings indicates that: here are necessary capacities for establishing local communities; however, there is little inclination on the individuals' part towards civil, modern, organized institutions and some foons of subjective participation which can be disruptive. To promote participation we should consider such factors as reducing the sense of powerlessness, raising trust and interactive nonns among the citizens of the CITY of "Dustdar-E-Kudak".To cover the weaknesses and to promote participation, methods like "participatory problem-solving workshops", "local meeting", "local training" can be used.

Introduction: With the growing development of small and large cities without favorable urban spaces, the adaptation of these spaces to the needs of the users has been considered by experts. Urban spaces have unique roles in meeting the social and individual needs of CHILDren and adolescents in the CITY. This requirement, nowadays, has made the CHILD-FRIENDLY towns pay attention to urban planners. CHILD-FRIENDLY projects are mainly aimed at creating an opportunity for CHILDren to shape or change the environment around them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urban aspect and the importance of each of them in the view of CHILDren.Method: The research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documentation and field studies and has a practical aspect. In this research, participatory approaches such as drawing, writing and interviewing were used to collect the views of CHILDren. The sample population under study in this research were selected through systematic random sampling from the 2nd District of Qazvin comprised of 130 CHILDren from 4 elementary girl- and boy schools. The obtained data from these CHILDren were analyzed and coded by MAZDA software.Results: findings of this research revealed that the form and morphology, general and visual perception, and location identity are the most important features for CHILDren.Conclusion: Paying attention to the “CHILD FRIENDLY CITY” Indicators in relation to CHILD FRIENDLY environment that is consistent with the goals of CHILDren’s participation and attention to their needs can, in addition to providing an environment that meets the needs of CHILDren, by assigning a social role for CHILDren, increases social awareness and develop real and creative partnerships in society.

A CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY is an important category in the field of social security and urban management, the realization of which enables CHILDren to engage in social activities and interactions without violating their rights, and police actions can prevent the violation of these rights. The present study was conducted with the aim of futuristic analysis of CHILD-FRIENDLY cities, in order to investigate the impact of the actions of the police of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this research was qualitative and content analysis using Shannon entropy method. According to the mission of this model, the statistical population is 250 documentary data available in the CITY of Mashhad, which have been collected by various centers such as welfare and police. The statistical population and sample size are equal. The analysis unit is the documents available in the welfare and law enforcement of Mashhad CITY (in the form of university research). The results show that social security is objectively manifested with five general axes and twenty-seven components with different and different coefficients of importance. Interpretation of data by Shannon entropy method, which is the coefficient of importance in the research, respectively dimensions (creating a home zone) with a coefficient of 206%, (monitoring public places and service categories) with a coefficient of 212%, (improving disciplinary methods and changing reaction norms) With a coefficient of 201%, (change in the structure of the police) with a coefficient of 196% and (accountability of institutions by the police) with a coefficient of 193%.

One of the ways to deal with problems CHILDren are now facing is to revive neighborhood values and concepts through informing the significance of play spaces and creating multipurpose entertainment environments. Therefore, it is critical to provide planning for parks and play area for CHILDren near the residential places, through the optimal use of natural elements and passageway safety, which is considered to be an important step to creating a safe and healthy neighborhood. Because public open spaces tend to be used in large cities of Iran instead of private open spaces, CHILD-FRIENDLY places could provide physical and mental health for CHILDren, though they are not seen as absolute necessities for CHILD development. This research was applied in terms of objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of type and methodology. Data were collected through documentary and library methods, accompanied by interviews and questionnaires. In this article, the Golha Square in the Marzdaran neighborhood was investigated in terms of indicators studied in the New York CITY, United States (e. g., security, presence of recreational spaces, passageways safety, and furniture). Data were analyzed using SPSS software using the one-sample t-test; the sampling method was also used to determine the size of an indefinite population with the items measured based on the Likert scale, indicating a standard deviation of 0. 667 for 170 people. The findings demonstrated that the confidence interval between both the upper and lower boundaries of the current situation was slightly lower than that in the average level of items. Concerning the general situation of Golha square in the Marzdaran neighborhood, the confidence interval did not meet a desirable condition as regards CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY indicators. Thus, concerning the research hypothesis, one would say it was significant at the level of 95% confidence, so in this case, the hypothesis was confirmed, indicating the undesirable status of Golha square organization indicators in the Marzdaran neighborhood as regards CHILD-FRIENDLY CITY indicators.