In this study 20 turkeys were slaughtered then heads detached from body. Roof of cranium removed and full brain that CEREBELLUM attached to that moved to 10% inactive formalin. Some samples were choice for anatomical studies. CEREBELLUM's appearance, dimension, color and shape were evaluated. Some samples used for histological studies and tissue sections stained with four following methods; H & E, Mallory, Periodic Acid Schiff staining method, Bielschowsky. Sections studied with light microscope. As result of anatomical study it became distinct that CEREBELLUM located behind of longitudinal sulcus of cerebrum hemispheres. CEREBELLUM in turkey is similar to fly larva and nodular in front and extended in behind. Color of CEREBELLUM is bright cream that contains 14 small transversal fissures (pleats). CEREBELLUM peduncles stretches to Brain Bridge and a pair of brain peduncle get out from CEREBELLUM. A small tubercle is located in ventral part of CEREBELLUM that is continues of upper pleats. White matter in CEREBELLUM is located in middle part with tree shape, gray matter is located outer part and surrounded the white matter. Almost in all samples 6 main branches is present. CEREBELLUM doesn't have lobe and just have a vermis. Histological study has shown that CEREBELLUM surface has very deep pleats. In gray matter there are three layers; molecular, purkinje and granular. Purkinje cell cytoplasm has been shown severe positive P.A.S reaction furthermore this condition was seen in CEREBELLUM vessels (strong pink). Axons fibers in white matter get dark filiform shapes and in granular layer dark filiform fiber has been shown in some parts. In Mallory staining collagen fibers in CEREBELLUM vessels and pia matter obtained blue color, white matter in this staining get numerous amount of orange colored.

Objective: This review article outlines the thinking and evidence behind our hypothesis that the problems suffered by dyslexic people may be attributable to some cerebellar deficits.Method: Firstly, we provide an overview of recent evidences that propose a central role for the CEREBELLUM in cognitive skills in particular those scaffolded by spoken language in addition to its well-recognized role in motor skills. Secondly, some evidences from Sheffield Laboratory outlined that cerebellar function is abnormal in dyslexia condition.Results and Conclusion: Two specific lines of evidence are considered: behavioral and converging evidence from neuroimaging which demonstrate significant differences between the dyslexic and control groups. The same battery of behavioral tests was applied to a group of children who are non-discrepant poor readers. Finally, an ontogenetic casual chain was provided for the development of dyslexia in terms of cerebellar deficits from birth.

Background and Objective: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is used as a food additive. Several studies have reported the adverse effects of Monosodium glutamate on the testis and brain. This study was performed to determine the effect of Monosodium glutamate in rat CEREBELLUM.Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult wistar rats randomly allocated into three groups including experiment A, experiment B and control (C). The animals in experiment A and B were received 3g and 6g of MSG thoroughly mixed with their feeds for 14 days, respectively. Animals in control group were received MSG free diet. Food and water for rats to be free in all of experimental time. The rats were sacrificed on fifteen day. The CEREBELLUM dissected and fixed with formalin 10% buffer and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results: Disorders and detachment were observed in Purkinje and granular cell layers. Neural cell distribution in granular layer redeuced in the experimental groups. Cellular degenerative changes in the granular layer of the experimental B were more severe than experimental group A. The mean number of neuron of the granular layer in the experimental A, B and control groups were 2750, 2140 and 3150, respectively.Conclusion: The consumption of monosodium glutamate dose dependly causes histopathological changes and reduces the number of the CEREBELLUMllar neurons in adult rat.

The purpose of this study is to determine the differentiation time of CEREBELLUM tissue during fetal life. This study is a descriptive observation of 100 fetuses of pregnant sheep uterus that were chosen randomly. After fixation, morphological measurement and preparing histological sections, the samples were stained by H&E and were examined under a light microscope. According to microscopic observations of 40th day of gestation, CEREBELLUM tissue had not yet differentiated. Therefore, at this stage, the appearance of CEREBELLUM was like an overlying mass of neuroepithelial cells in metencephalon area of neural tube. At the 50th day of gestation, the initial form of the CEREBELLUM was separable due to the placement of migrating cells in layers and creating initial wrinkle under the pia mater. At the 70th day, great number of wrinkles could be seen on long strips in a way that primary wrinkle was underneath the secondary wrinkle. At the 80th day of gestation, Purkinje cells were observed between granular and molecular layers. At the 90th day of gestation, CEREBELLUM tissue had primary, secondary, and tertiary wrinkles. At the 120th day, the whole tissue structure of CEREBELLUM, in the last month of pregnancy, was seen as a mature form in a way that in the last three months there were no significant changes. This can be concluded that the differentiation of CEREBELLUM tissue from the mass of migrating cells of neural tube starts after the sixth week and the whole CEREBELLUM tissue structure appears in fetal life and a month before birth.

Objectives: Evaluating the influence of gender and age on CEREBELLUM is significant for pathophysiological studies of degenerative brain disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the growth rate of the CEREBELLUM in the normal brain in Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at Modern Medical Center, Alia Specialist Hospital and Wad Medani Modern Medical Center, Sudan from 2017 to 2019. The data of 100 normal individuals with an age range of 3 months to 80 years old (males: 42%) were evaluated. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for all participants after applying the standard CEREBELLUM protocol. Individuals with anomalies or abnormalities that may affect the posterior fossa were excluded. Measurement of all regions was performed in the screen monitor of MRI machine and statistically analyzed using SPSS Software version 16. Results: The mean of the right hemisphere width, right hemisphere length, left hemisphere width, left hemisphere length, maximum hemisphere width, maximum hemisphere length, anteroposterior width, and anteroposterior length was 4. 38, 4. 88, 4. 46, 4. 42, 9. 73, 6. 42, 4. 88, and 3. 54, respectively, implying that the measurement variability was important. Conclusions: There was s statistically significant correlation between CEREBELLUM measurement with gender in left hemisphere width and maximum hemisphere width (P = 0. 05 and P = 0. 07, respectively). Also, there was a significant age-related reduction in left hemisphere width and length (P = 0. 001 and P = 0. 05, respectively).