Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., is a member of Asteraceae, cultivated mainly for its seed and flower, which are used as edible oil and for medicinal applications. Safflower is a resistant plant to the environmental stresses; therefore scientists use this plant as a model for studying the mechanism of plant resistance to the environmental stresses. Antioxidant enzyme system is one of the defense mechanisms that plants use for various environmental stresses. In this study some biochemical properties of CATALASE, an antioxidant enzyme system, from safflower and it sensivity to azide and cyanide was investigated. Carthamus tinctorious L.cv.IL-111 was grown hydroponically in perlite for 40 days and CATALASE was extracted from their leaves using phosphate buffer 0.1 M, pH 7.2. Study of pH profile, temperature and different concentration of substrate and inhibitors (azide and cynide) on CATALASE activity in Safflower and non-denaturant polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude extract, showed that at least two isoenzymes of CATALASE were present in safflower leaves with optimal pH at 6.5 and 8.5, respectively. Isoenzyme active at pH 8.5 was more resistant to temperature in comparison to isoenzyme active at pH 6.5. Effects of inhibitors (azide and cynide) on CATALASE activity showed that isoenzyme active at pH 8.5 was more sensitive to both inhibitors (azide: 4.6 fold, and cynide: 2.6 fold) in comparison to isoenzyme active at pH 6.5.

Experimental and epidemiological evidences implicate the involvement of oxygen derived radicals in the pathogenesis of cancer development. Oxygen derived radicals are able to cause damage to membranes, mitochondria and macromolecules including proteins, lipids and DNA. Accumulation of DNA damages has been suggested to contribute to carcinogenesis. It would, therefore, be advantageous to pinpoint the effects of oxygen derived radicals in cancer development. We investigated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and CATALASE (CAT) activities in the whole blood of 50 breast cancer (BC) patients and 50 healthy and age matched women. The rate of SOD and CAT activities in BC patients was significantly lower (P<0.001) than controls. No effect of stage on SOD and CAT activities was observed. The results of our study have shown a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased SOD and CAT activities, which support the oxidative stress hypothesis in carcinogenesis. The relative lower SOD and CAT activities may not be adequate to detoxify high levels of H2O2 into H2O leading to the formation of the most dangerous 0OH radical. Therefore, administration of antioxidants may be helpful in the management of BC patients. However, elaborate clinical studies are required to evaluate the role of such antioxidant enzymes (AOE) in BC management.

Introduction: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI), by lasers with different wavelengths, on glycated CATALASE enzyme in vitro experimentally.Methods: This is done by measuring the activity and structure properties of glycated CATALASE enzyme. The structure properties were evaluated with circular dichroism (CD) and fluoroscopy methods. Three continuous wave (CW) lasers in the visible spectrum (l=450, 530, 638 nm) and a 100-ns pulsed laser in the infrared spectrum (l=905 nm) were chosen for comparison. For the infrared laser, same effects have been investigated for different energy doses. The effect of photon energy (hυ) at different wavelengths was measured on activity, CD, and fluoroscopy properties of CATALASE, and compared with the control group (samples without irradiation). The energy intensity of laser should not exceed 0.1 J/cm2. Experiments were performed on glycated CATALASE between 2 to 16 weeks after glycation of CATALASE. The LLLI effect was also investigated on the samples, by comparing the CATALASE activity, CD and fluoroscopy for different wavelengths. Results: Our results indicated, the decrease in CATALASE activity as a function of glycation time (weeks) for all samples, and a slight increase on its activity by different laser wavelengths irradiation for any fixed period of glycation time. Finally, the CATALASE activity has been increased as the laser’s photon energy (hυ) intensified. More specifically, the blue laser (l=450 nm) had the most and the red laser (l=638 nm) had the least effect, and the green laser (l=530 nm) had the medium effect on CATALASE activity as well. Furthermore, pulsed laser had an additional effect by increasing energy dosage.Conclusion: As we expected in all experiments, an increase in the CATALASE activity was coincident with a decrease in the CATALASE fluoroscopy and CD parameters.

Background: In hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant balance leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The aim of this study is assaying total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and CATALASE activities in patients with hypo-and hyperthyroidism in order to control the progression of its pathology and health care.Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 85 patients with hypothyroidism, 66 patients with hyperthyroidism and 74 normal individuals as control that referred to the clinic of the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences of Shahid-Beheshti University in year 2010. Serum enzymatic activity of CATALASE, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity was measured in the fasting state. Data was described as mean±SD and data means of the two groups was compared by independent t -test. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18 application.Results: The total antioxidant capacity in individuals with hyperthyroidism decreased compared to healthy controls, but individuals with hypothyroidism compared to the healthy control group showed no significant difference. CATALASE and superoxide dismutase activity in hypo-and hyperthyroidism were significantly increased compared with healthy controls (p=0.005).Conclusion: Decreasing of antioxidant capacity in hyperthyroid patients is probably because of increased production of free radicals. There was not observed significant difference in total antioxidant capacity in hypothyroid patients. Also in hypo-and hyperthyroidism patients, increasing of enzymes activity is probably due to increasing of the production of ROS.

Populus euramericanais one of the most important species for agroforestry in Iran.Nowadays, several non-native clones of the species have been imported to the country. But their individual differences are unknown and important to us. The objective of this research was to determine the differences among five clones of the species based on two important enzymes, peroxidase and CATALASE as environmental bio-indicator from late summer to early spring.Therefore, quantitative activities of the enzymes were studied by spectrophotometry method on asexually propagated seedlings of the clones. Results indicated that the majority of the differences for peroxidase and CATALASE were observed during March and January respectively.Generally the results showed that peroxidase activity of clone 45.51 during the beginning and the end of growing season and also both enzymes activities of clones 561.41 and I214 had the highest differences with other clones during the cold months of the year.

Background and Objective: One of the diabetes complications is the tissue damage caused by the imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of two antioxidant enzymes -superoxide dismutase and CATALASE- in the serum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Material and Methods: This investigation was conducted on adult male rats assigned to diabetic and control groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seven weeks after diabetes induction, glucose concentration, superoxide dismutase and CATALASE activities of the serum were assessed.Results: Glucose concentration of streptozotocin-injected animals was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.001). The level of Serum superoxide dismutase and CATALASE activities in diabetes group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). There was a positive significant correlation between glucose concentration and superoxide dismutase and CATALASE activities (P<0.001).Conclusion: The high activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats is probably due to compensation responses to oxidative stress produced by high concentration of free radicals. It seems that the higher glucose concentration, the greater compensatory responses.

Background: H2O2 is a powerful oxidant, and is used as a bleaching or microbiocidal agent in the food and dairy industries and also some lactic acid bacteria in dairy Under microaerobic conditions produces H2O2, which eventually causes growth arrest. However, due to its toxicity to environment and human health, H2O2 needs to be eliminating after industrial process. CATALASE is one of those enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 in to water and oxygen. Production of microbial CATALASE can be wildly used in the several parts of industry.Kocuria ASB107 is a radioresistant and non-pathogenic bacterium that was screened and characterized from radioactive spring in Ramsar. This bacterium can produce too much CATALASE. The aim of this study is to semi-purification of CATALASE from Kocuria ASB 107 with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immobilization of it in to introduce a model of immobilization.polyacrylamide gel.Methods: The bacterial culture was cultivated in TSB medium and then the biomass was collected in the bacteria stationary phase. The cells were lysed after 80min incubation in lysozyme solution at 37°C. The supernatant was isolated by centrifuge and CATALASE activity of the cell extract was checked by monitoring A240 in the presence of substrate (H2O2). Then the cell lysate was loaded on top of a native polyacrylamide gel (10%). Zymogram was obtained by adding diluted H2O2 on the gel surface. The band of CATALASE was cut and removed from the gel and to determine the degree of purification, the specific activity of CATALASE was measured by monitoring A240 in the presence of substrate (H2O2). The remained gel was stained by coomasie blue. Immobilization of CATALASE in polyacrylamide gel was performed by formaldehyde (5%). After immobilization, CATALASE activity of immobilized sample and control sample was measured in three times (5th day, 7th day, and second month).Results: in this study, CATALASE was semi purified and CATALASE activity was significant difference between immobilized sample and control sample at all tree times (5th day, 7th day, and second month).Conclusion: According the results, a model to immobilization of CATALASE is suggested that can be optimized for use in the food industry.