In the present study, CATALASE nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method using ethanol and glutaraldehyde as desolvating and crosslinking agents respectively. The factors such as the amount of ethanol and glutaraldehyde, stirring rate, and synthesis time were optimized. Properties of the nanoparticles including particle size, morphology, and structural changes were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, FT-IR, DLS, and SEM. Also, their kinetic parameters were determined on based the Michaelis-Menten equation. The results of the optimization studies revealed for a phosphate buffer solution (50 mM, pH 7. 0) contain CATALASE (1 mg/ mL), 4-mL absolute ethanol, and glutaraldehyde (12 mg/mL), up to 70% of the enzyme activity remained. In these conditions, the average of the particles was 53. 8 nm. Investigation of the UV-Visible and FT-IR spectra showed that the formation of the nanoparticles caused the structural changes at the tertiary and secondary levels. Comparing the kinetic parameters of the native enzyme and CATALASE nanoparticles showed that the Vmax is the same and that the Km is increased. The physical stability of CATALASE nanoparticles was also investigated. Results showed that the CATALASE nanoparticles lost only 20% of the activity when stored in phosphate buffer solution for 72 h at 4◦ C, whereas native CATALASE lost 55% under the same condition, implying that the CATALASE nanoparticles were more stable than native CATALASE molecules. Therefore, CATALASE nanoparticles offered a great potential to stabilize enzyme molecules for various applications.

Background: Keratoconus (KC) is a degenerative eye disease which results from thinning of the cornea and causes vision distortion. Oxidative stress damage to KC corneas may be because of the failure of corneas to process reactive oxygen species which leads to corneal thinning and loss of vision. Genetic variants in antioxi-dant defense genes such as CATALASE (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) can decrease antioxidant capacity or increase oxidative stress and alter the risk of KC in patients. We investigated and evaluated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CAT, GPX-1 on the risk of KC in an Iranian population sample. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 140 patients with KC and 150 healthy control subjects in a sample of Iranian population from Zahedan, southern Iran in 2015. Genotyping of CAT rs7943316 and GPX-1 rs1050450 polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: CAT rs7943316 A/T, AA genotype and A allele have a protective role against disease (OR =0. 28, 95% CI =0. 13-0. 61, P=0. 001 and OR = 0. 50, 95% CI =0. 35-0. 72, P=0. 0001, respectively) and decreased the risk of KC. Moreover, GPX-1 rs1050450 T allele increased the risk of KC in comparison with C allele (OR = 1. 42, 95% CI = 1. 01-2. 03, P=0. 03). Conclusion: CAT rs7943316 A/T, AA genotype, and A allele decreased the risk of KC. Moreover, in GPX-1 rs1050450 C/T polymorphism, T allele was associated with an increased risk of KC in our population.

Osteoporosis is a disease of high prevalence with increased bone loss. It has potential public health threat and that the health authorities had taken several measures for its control. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to physiopathology of osteoporosis. Oxidative stress has been proved to be involved in bone resorption. Oxidative stress occurs when balance between oxidants and biochemical antioxidants is disrupted because of excess reactive oxygen species.Thus, we measured CATALASE activity, as one of the marker of stress oxidative, in 138 women. Participants were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria from those who were referred to Jamie Clinic in Tehran for BMD evaluation. CATALASE antioxidant activity was 262.01±44.70 k/gHb in the group of subjects with osteoporosis in comparison with the group of healthy subjects, 273.77±46.92 k/gHb. The results show that CATALASE activity in patients with bone deficiency was less than in the control group, though it was not significant. This difference was more between control and patients group with more acute disease (T score -1.7) than patients group with milder disease (T score<-1).The results show that it may be useful to monitor osteoporosis in the more expanded sample size to obtain more definition results.

Background: Anembryonic gestation (blighted ovum) is the most common identifiable pathology in the first trimester of pregnancy, always leads to miscarriage. Early pregnancy failures from blighted ovum are often due to chromosomal abnormalities and a poor quality of sperm or egg. Oxidative stresses as a factor of disturbance balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including mouth and throat cancer and cardiovascular disease. CATALASE is one of the defensive systems against damages caused by oxidative stress in human. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of salivary CATALASE in women with blighted ovum and women with history of normal pregnancy.Methods: This case-control study was performed on 34 patient women with blighted ovum and 34 healthy women as a control group. The study was performed in biochemistry laboratory at the University of Guilan from October 2015 to July 2015.The age range was 20-44 years and 18-45 years in patient and control groups, respectively. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using spitting method.CATALASE activity was measured by evaluating the constant rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in patient and control groups.Results: The patient group matched with healthy subjects in average age and having no other diseases history. The biochemical enzymatic assays indicate that the average CATALASE activities of saliva in patient and control groups were 14.47±3.8 and 16.42±3.48, respectively. Therefore, the CATALASE activity was significantly reduced in patient group as compared to the control group (P=0.03).Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of blighted ovum. Therefore, determination the activity of other antioxidant enzymes, in addition to catalse, may be used as a marker for diagnosis of blighted ovum. More studies with larger studied-population is recommended to confidently comment on the results of this study.