Introduction: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developed and several of developing countries and estimates for 40 - 45% of that. In Iran statistics shows high prevalence of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES with accidents are the most important causes of mortality.Health deputy of Ministry of Health reported 70000 deaths from CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in 2007. Also CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES are one of the most causes of impairment.Discussion: CARDIOVASCULAR impairment is high in Iran because of high rate of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, but unfortunately, it has not been paied attention yet and there is no known functional way for impairment assessment.Conclusion: Impairment and disability assessment is a complex and difficult method and physicians should assess impairment based on patients' history, physical and Paraclinical findings, but a team work is necessary for determination of disability based on multiple aspects such as impairment, psychosocial and job of patients.

Primordial prevention is an important aspect of the health system, but its role is less known. It is the most basic level of the health prevention pyramid and has important role in control of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. Primordial prevention focuses on creating and maintaining conditions that minimize the emergence of risk factors of disease. Healthy behaviors and lifestyle modifications are considered to be the key interventions in primordial prevention.

The Iranian elderly population is rapidly growing. Currently more than 5 million Iranians are over 60 years of age which corresponds to nearly 7.26 percent of the population of the country. It is estimated that more than 10 percent of the population of the country will be elderly in the forthcoming twenty years. Structural and physiological changes which occur in the elderly CARDIOVASCULAR system include: stiffness of the vasculature, decreased relaxation capacity of the heart during diastole, decreased efficiency of cardiac contraction during exercise, weakened heart muscle response to stimulation by adrenaline, and orthostatic hypotension. In the elderly people we are confronting with increased frequency of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES especially myocardial infarction, stroke, isolated systolic hypertension, calcific aortic stenosis, orthostatic hypotension, and syncopal attacks due to sick sinus syndrome, complete heart block, atrial fibrillation or other rhythm disorders. Alteration in CARDIOVASCULAR status in the elderly has undesirable effects on their quality of life and longevity. Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death in the elderly; however cardiac arrhythmias and valvular heart disease are other important CARDIOVASCULAR disease in the old people. Diagnosis of these disorders in the elderly requires special consideration since coexistence of structural/functional changes in the old age with CARDIOVASCULAR disease would alter the classic features of these disorders and result in delay in their appropriate management. Biological aging as evaluated by reduced telomere length has a strong impact on the incidence of CARDIOVASCULAR disorders especially coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. This phenomenon could possibly explain interindividual susceptibility to CARDIOVASCULAR disorders.

Aim and Background: CARDIOVASCULAR disease (CVD) is a chronic medical condition that affects many aspects of patients' lives. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors of CVD for the design of interventional and preventive programs. The purpose of this study was to review the psychological risk factors of CVD. Methods and Materials: This systematic review study examines the psychological risk factors of CVD. For this purpose, articles from 1995 to 2019 were searched from the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Elsevier. Out of 257 articles, 51 articles were finally used in this study. Findings: The results of this study showed that various factors such as stress, depression, anger and hostility, lack of social support, anxiety, lack of spiritual health and personality traits such as type A personality in the development of CVD is involved. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, health professionals can prevent and control of CVD in different age groups by designing educational programs focused on risk factors of this disease such as stress, depression, anger, social isolation and anxiety.

The relation between periodontitis and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES has been of interest in recent years. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in the developed countries account for 50% of the mortality rate and are the principal causes of death. Periodontitis, one of the most common DISEASES of human, is an infectious condition that can result in inflammatory destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontitis and atherosclerosis have complex etiologies like genetics and gender, and they potentially share many risk factors, the most significant of which may be smoking. A number of studies have shown a significant relationship between periodontitis and CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, but the need for further studies of new definitions of relationship between them especially in women seems to be demanded.