Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced CARDIAC life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the CARDIAC or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced CARDIAC life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Leonurus CARDIACa is a medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, due to the effects of blood dilutioning, the species is used for centuries. The species has a high diversity and widely distributed in Iran, so that from 4 sub species in the world, 3 sub-species are grown in Iran. In this study AFLP markers were used to investigate genetic diversity among 47 samples of 6 motherwort populations and the kinship ties between them. The results showed that 6 selected AFLP primer combinations (MseI /EcoRI) amplified 608 scorable DNA bands, of which 355 were polymorphic (polymorphic 58%). The average genetic similarity of samples was estimated based on the Nei coefficient, 0.26 (0.21-0.30). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was mainly within populations (57%), but variance among the populations was only 43%. A UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance also revealed five major branches in accordance to geographical regions. Maximum and minimum values of genetic similarity of the populations were recorded between “Taleghan 6” and “Taleghan 7” (0.7) and “Dargaz 1” and “Taleghan 7” (0.06) respectively. Data showed a completely different banding pattern of subspecies L. CARDIACa subsp Turkestanicus. of Dargaz region. Coefficient of genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst) and gene flow (Nm), average number of emigration exchanged per generation estimated among the populations, were estimated 0.37 and 0.85, respectively.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a prevalent disease and has a great economic impact on health systems. CARDIAC Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), which synchronize biventricular contraction, is one of the most important therapies in these patients. Despite the exact selection of patients about 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the O2 saturation and the pressure level of right side of heart and Coronary Sinus (CS) vein to predict the response to CRT.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 30 patients were candidate for implantation of CRT echocardiography. The 6 Minute Walk Test (6MW), right side and CS O2 saturation and pressure study was done before implantation. Echocardiography and 6MW repeated 6 months later. Based on response to the CRT, patients were divided into two groups: “responder and non-responder”. Date were compared between groups.Results: O2 saturation was significantly lower in responders than non-responders. In non-responder patients the Right Ventricular (RV) and Pulmonary Artery (PA) Pressure was significantly higher than responders. Desaturation of CS blood flow in responders was probably due to higher levels of viable tissue which involve in contraction. Increase in right side and PA pressure in non-responders might be due to severity of heart failure which made CRT not effective in these patients.Conclusion: Evaluation of O2 saturation of CS blood flow, RV and PA pressure can use as an index in predicting the response to CRT and can help as additional indices in selection of patients with borderline indications for implanting CRT.

Historically, biomarkers have been used in two major ways to maintain and improve better health status: first, for diagnostic purposes, and second, as specific targets to treat various diseases. A new era in treatment and even cure for the some diseases using reprograming of somatic cells is about to be born. In this approach, scientists are successfully taking human skin cells (previously considered terminally-differentiated cells) and re-programming them into functional CARDIAC myocytes and other cell types in vitro. A cell reprograming approach for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will revolutionize the field of medicine and significantly expand the human lifetime. Availability of a comprehensive catalogue for CARDIAC biomarkers is necessary for developing cell reprograming modalities to treat CARDIAC diseases, as well as for determining the progress of reprogrammed cells as they become CARDIAC cells. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of the CARDIAC biomarkers currently known.

Background and Objectives: CARDIAC Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is a therapeutic modality in patients who suffering severe heart failure and Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). One of CRT adjustment methods is to convey the manufacturers designed program. There are also Doppler echocardiography’s methods for determining atrioventricular (AVD) and inter ventricular delay times (VV delay). This study has designed to compare CRT adjusting based on these two methods.Material and Methods: In a prospective study, CRT candidates referring to Shahid Madani Educational-Therapy and Research center of Tabriz Medical Sciences University were studied in two groups. In first group systolic and diastolic parameters were measured randomly by echocardiography and CRT programmed based on that findings. In the second group implementation only performed by manufacturer’s guide.Results: There was not any significant difference between these two groups in terms of background disease, and heart block, There wasn’t any significant differences between these two modality in term of clinical results pre-study function class, post-study function class, AVD and VVD.Conclusion: There is no additional advantage in choosing any of CRT adjustment methods based on echocardiography suggestion or based on manufacturer suggestion, comparing to each other from clinical point of view.

CARDIAC transplantation has become the standard therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy and end stage is clinical heart disease & heart failure. With the introduction of newer lmmunosuppressants, together with better patient selection, improved period er at I' ve monitoring and care, the overall survival of recipients has improved. An increasing number of patients who received a transplant present for either elective or emergency non_CARDIAC surgery. We hereby discuss the period era give management of such a patient who came for emergency surgery for upper limb amputation.