The term ‘epigenetics’ refers to heritable changes that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself, but plays an important role in the control of gene expression. The three key epigenetic mechanisms include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous, single-stranded, non-coding small RNA with 18–2 nucleotides in length, play a critical role in in itiation, progression, metastasis and invasion of CANCERs.It is widely recognized that deregulation of miRNAs is a hallmark of CANCER. The expression of miRNAs can be regulated by several mechanisms, including epigenetic changes. Although epigenetic changes can be inherited in the somatic cells, unlike genetic alterations, these modifications are potentially reversible. Environmental and dietary components are believed to contribute to differences in CANCER incidence among populations with different dietary habits. Studies suggest that a large fraction of CANCER deaths may be prevented by modifying dietary composition e.g. the content of fiber, fat, cereals, spices, etc. Dietary components not only potentially influence fundamental cellular processes involved in carcinogenesis, but also directly influence epigenetic mechanisms. It has been proposed that dietary modulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the CANCER protective effects of dietary agents. Recent data suggest that bioactive dietary components play a role directly or indirectly in the modulation of miRNA expression to regulate carcinogenesis and thereby have chemopreventive potential. Since miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of genes and proteins, this review discusses the impact of dietary components including micronutrients and non-nutrients on epigenetic alterations especially miRNAs in CANCER. Also it emphasizes on promising agents for prevention and perhaps therapy of CANCER.