Background and aims: Diverse gauges have been used to measure and determine BRACKET height for correct BRACKET positioning. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare BRACKET positioning accuracy by using height BRACKET positioning gauge (HBPG) and Boone gauge (BG).Materials and methods: Nineteen sets of stone models were prepared from one patient. One set was employed to determine the ideal position of BRACKETs, and the remaining nine pairs of sets for BRACKET placement by nine clinicians using HBPG and BG. Teeth were then sectioned from the stone models and placed inside acrylic molds, photographs were taken and imported to a computer. In two groups, the position of each bonded BRACKET was compared in three aspects of vertical, mesiodistal and angular with the ideal position of every BRACKET. Finally, BRACKET positioning errors were measured.Results: Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated significant differences in the means of vertical error between the HBPG group and BG groups (P<0.001), while there were no significant differences between mesiodistal and angular errors. Factorial ANOVA revealed that gauge and tooth type, and the position of tooth on the right and left side of the mouth play a ma-jor role in the rate of vertical error.Conclusion: Vertical accuracy of BRACKET positioning by the use of HBPG is more than that by BG. However, there is no difference between two gauges in relation to the mesiodistal and angular errors.

Background and Aim: What constitutes adequate dialysis has been debated in the nephrology literature over the past years. We believed that short and infrequent dialysis session contributed to poor outcome. This result provides additional evidence that (KT/V) in a flawed concept upon which to based the dose dialysis in general. Base on published evidence from many source we proposed a new index of adequacy of hemodialysis to be called hemodialysis PRODUCT (HDP).Materials and Methods: The prospective study was performed on 100 dialysis patient in the Imam hospital dialysis ward in Tehran during 2002. delivered (KT/V) and (HDP) achieved for any patient separated.Results: 100 patients including 44 female and 56 male were studied. Result has shown (KT/V) d≥l in 43% and (KT/V) d<1 in 57%. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d> 1 were ≥36. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d < 1 were < 36. Correlation between (KT/V) d and albumin was significant (p< 0.03, Albumin ≥4mg/dl). Correlation between (KT/V) d and cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine were not significant. Correlation between (KT/V) d and HDP was significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Finding above has shown that higher weekly delivered (KTN) correlate with dialysis result increase hemodialysis PRODUCT (HDP). More frequent and session dialysis results increase in HDP, provide better weekly (KT/V) d with normal albumin (show good caloric and protein intake).

We define a new function-valued inner PRODUCT on L2(G), called j-BRACKET PRODUCT, where G is a locally compact abelian group and j is a topological isomorphism on G. We investigate the notion of j -orthogonality, Bessel's Inequality and j -orthonormal bases with respect to this inner PRODUCT on L2(G).

Construction of welded moment resisting connection is common. These connections have high potential for brittle failure of welds if quality of welding is not controlled. In this research new bolted BRACKET connection similar to Kaiser bolted BRACKET connection is introduced. Kaiser connection has invention patent so construction society can’t utilize them without authority. Proposed connection of this paper can be manufactured by both casting and welding methods and can eliminate patent problems. In this evaluation connection performance, pretention force of bolts, height of BRACKET, number of bolts and length of BRACKET have been evaluated. In modeling of connection in order to accuracy of results between different connected area and bolts faces contact elements were created. The standard cyclic history was selected for loading of specimens. The results shows that proposed connection can be accepted by connection code for using in special moment resisting frames from both ductility and strength aspects. Findings are extended as hysteresis curves, released energy of connection, rupture index indicators and slip of bolts.

Different techniques have been introduced for the removal of ceramic BRACKETs. Since the early 1990s, lasers have been used experimentally for debonding ceramic BRACKETs. The goal of this study is to give a comprehensive literature review on laser-aided ceramic BRACKET debonding. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify dental articles with the following combination of key word: Ceramic BRACKETs, Debonding, and Laser. Sixteen English articles from 2004 to 2015 were selected. The selected studies were categorized according to the variables investigated including the intrapulpal temperature, shear bond strength, debonding time, enamel damage and BRACKET failure. Most articles reported decreased shear bond strength and debonding time following laser irradiation without any critical and irritating increase in pulpal temperature. There were no reports of BRACKET failure or enamel damage. Laser irradiation is an efficient way to reduce shear bond strength of ceramic BRACKET and debonding time. This technique is a safe way for removing ceramic BRACKET with minimal impact on intrapulpal temperature and enamel surface and it reduces ceramic BRACKET failure.

Background and objectives: Trametes species have been used for centuries in traditional medicine of Asian countries. Recently, some of the bioactive compound have been isolated and evaluated for therapeutic purposes from these species. The aim of this study was to report the isolation and structure elucidation of major sterols from fruiting bodies of Trametes gibbosa. Volatile compounds and antioxidant activities of the different mushroom extracts of mushroom were also examined. Methods: The fruiting bodies of T. gibbosa were extracted with n-hexane, methanol, and hot water, respectively. For isolation of sterols, the n-hexane extract was subjected to column chromatography and fractionated by step gradient of n-hexane: ethyl acetate. The volatile oil was prepared by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. For evaluation of the antioxidant activity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were used. Moreover, the phenolic and carbohydrate contents were assessed using spectrophotometry methods. Results: The column chromatography of the n-hexane extract led to the isolation of three sterols. These compounds were identified for the first time in T. gibbosa as follows: ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3β,-ol (ergosterol),5, 8-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3-ol,5, 9-epidioxy-8, 14-epoxy-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3-ol. The most abundant volatile compounds were identified as aldehydes (29. 01%), fatty acids (21. 2%) and alcohols (12. 07%). Based on antioxidant results, methanol and hot water extracts showed the highest activities in DPPH (EC50=588. 56±, 36. 37 μ, g/mL) and FRAP (432±, 6. 6 mmol Fe2+/g DW) methods, respectively. Conclusion: Trametes gibbosa is a valuable source of mycochemicals such as sterols, carbohydrate and phenolics. Further investigations are required for evaluation of the therapeutic potentials of the isolated compounds.

Amount of fumonisin B1 in 46 corn samples which were collected preharvest, at harvest and post harvest stages (after drying, befor and after silage) from Golestan province in northern Iran was evaluated. The samples were milled using analytical Romer mill. Fumonisin B1 was extracted with methanol-water (80:20 v/v) solvent, purified by immunoaffmity columns (IACs) and converted to fluorescent derivatives by OPA (Ortho-phetaldehyde).The mycotoxin was quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (Em=335 nm, Exi=440 nm). Standard curve was drawn between 0.3125-40 mg/ml using 6 fumonisin working standards. Validation of the method was estimated by Certified Reference Material (CRM). The percentage mean of recovery obtained using this method was 90.7 %. All samples were contaminated with fumonisin B1, the range of contamination varied from 261 to 6891 ng/g and the mean of contamination was 2658.35 ng/g. There was in significant difference on the contamination of samples at different sampling stages.

Background: The current study is to evaluate cardiovascular effects of anesthetic medications and volatile anesthetics on cardiac stress using cardiac stress index (CSI) and rate pressure PRODUCT (RPP) and to determine which of them in useful in evaluating cardiac stress after comparing results obtained from each method.Materials and methods: 40 patients, 60-80 years old, who were all performed trans abdominal prostatectomy were studied. Patients were divided into two groups, half of patients were placed in group A and the other half in group B. The study was carried out as a blinded study. CSI was measured and evaluated in group A and RPP changes were studied in group B.Results: The mean CSI were 60.25±5.57, 63.05±5.54, 55.75±4.78 and 67.65±4.88 before anesthesia induction, after induction, before surgical incision and in recovery respectively. There was no meaningful difference.RPP mean in four above mentioned stages was 10.15±0.44, 9.9±0.69, 6.8±0.36 and 9.2±0.61 respectively. There was a meaningful difference between RPP in stages before anesthesia induction and before surgical incision (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Considering the obtained results from this study, it can be seen that even in noncardiac surgery, the stress level is high in patients in the stage before surgery. This figure was not clear in RPP index case and was not in accordance with CSI, which means CSI has been able to illustrate existing stress level better and efficiently.

CFRP composites have unique application qualities such as high resistance and durability to environmental conditions, having relatively low weight and easy to install in strengthening concrete structure elements. The BRACKETs should be strengthen sufficiently if they are not calculated and implemented well. Application of the CFRP is one of the methods for such purposes. The study involves using five different configurations of CFRP sheets as a means of strengthening BRACKET, using finite element and non-linear dynamic analysis method within the ABAQUS software. Comparative analysis results of non-strengthened BRACKET model, show a 24.06% increase in the load-carrying capacity of strengthened models using the CFRP compared with the initial model (without CFRP). Results further show an increase of 24.96% of energy absorption in the strengthened models compared with the non-strengthened model.