Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence of self report BLOATING and related factors in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Background: BLOATING symptoms are common in patients with IBS and have significant impact on normal daily function. Patients and methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional survey that conducted using a valid questionnaire base on Rome III criteria. Univariate analysis was used for investigation about distribution of self reported BLOATING according to demographic and psychological factors in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Results: Out of 18180 subjects under study, 198 cases met criteria for the diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome according to criteria ROME III and 61.6% reported BLOATING symptoms. BLOATING symptoms were more prevalent among patients with intermittent symptoms and diarrhea than in patients with constipation. Catastrophic events and depression were independent risk factors for BLOATING.Conclusion: Findings of this study support the clinical impression regarding the high prevalence of BLOATING symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Further studies are needed to understand the role of physiological and psychological factors and their interaction in development of BLOATING in irritable bowel syndrome patients.

Abdominal BLOATING is one of the most common general symptoms and digestive complaint. In addition to contradictory effects of BLOATING treatment and importance of traditional experiments on product of effective drugs, this study presents effective plants in traditional medicine. This study is a review and searched effective medical plants on abdominal BLOATING on 6 books (Al Abnieh Anhaghayegh Al Advieh, Canon fe Teb, Ekhtiarat Badiei, Tazkere Davod Antaki, Tofat ol moeminin, Makhzak ol Advieh). This plan was done on 10 steps (finding key words, finding materia medica, searching on references, taking same list, finding equivalents, grouping, reseeding, extract of singular of complexes, adding, scoring, ranking). The last of study was detected 302 effective medical plants on abdominal BLOATING. Maximum score was 10 (Acorus Calamus, Carum Copticum, Nigella Sativa) and Makhzan Al Advieh had maximum effective plants. List of medical plants can be base of clinical studies for producing new drugs on abdominal BLOATING treatment in this study.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare comparative "BLOATING" in the fetus with physical changes in the fetus. Materials and Methods: The study method in this research is descriptive and analytical which has been done by referring to religious and scientific texts and the obtained information has been categorized and analyzed. Findings: "BLOATING of the soul", in addition to causing spiritual change in the fetus, also causes physical changes in it. There are two criteria for determining the time of "BLOATING": 1. The apparent development of the fetus before "BLOATING". 2. The movement of the fetus in the mother’ s womb after "BLOATING". According to the narrations, the jurists have announced the probable time of "swelling of the soul" between 4 and 5 months. The achievements of embryology show that the fetus in this period of time has reached a relative evolution in appearance and signs of the emergence of the five senses and memory and voluntary movements have been discovered in the fetus. Conclusion: The results showed that in the period of 4 to 5 months, which is announced in the narrations for "BLOATING", the fetus develops and has the necessary physical quorum for "BLOATING".

Background: BLOATING, is a common complication in patients with stroke; that increased intracranial pressure due to cerebral hypoxia in these patients. Most drugs have adverse effects to relieve flatulence. So this study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic supplement on stroke patients; was performed.Methods: The study, on 65 stroke patients; was done. They were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=32) and intervention (n=33) and the size of their abdominal circumference were measured before the study. The intervention group, in addition to routine treatment, for a week, every 12 hours, recived fermented prbiotic supplement Zhari Takhmir and the control group was given only a laxative (MOM=15cc) prescribed by a doctor. In the end, abdominal circumference in all patients were evaluated again. Data using analysis of covariance model, were analyzed.Results: After a week, abdominal circumference measurements in two groups showed that; in the intervention group on average waist size of 6.1 inches had reduced compared to baseline (p=0.028). But the changes were not significant in the control group.Conclusion: The study showed that a probiotic supplementation reduces abdominal circumference and distention in patients with stroke; Therefore, probiotics can be used as a non-drug therapy in the treatment of these patients.

Background and Aim: Given the holistic view of Iranian medicine and the importance of planning to reduce the clinical complications of BLOATING in the military, this study was conducted for the first time to develop and standardize the questionnaire of compliance with the principles of effective Iranian medicine on functional BLOATING. Methods: Initial questionnaires of 25 questions were extracted from authentic sources of Iranian medicine libraries by extracting the factors affecting functional BLOATING on lifestyle. Content validity of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating CVI and CVR indices and using the opinions of 25 Iranian medical experts. Exploratory factor analysis was also performed to evaluate the construct validity with 378 individuals enrolled in the study by cluster sampling. Test-retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess the reliability and stability of the questionnaire. Results: The content validity of the 15-item questionnaire was estimated to be 0. 92 by removing 10 questions from the set of questions and reviewing the other 10 questions. Exploratory factor analysis also revealed that the four domains of eating pattern, drinking pattern, sleep pattern and sexual activity were 49. 93% of the total variance. Eating pattern was the most important area of the questionnaire because with the highest number of questions, it accounted for 20. 85% of the total variance and had the strongest correlation with the total score of the questionnaire. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient of the test in the test-retest test was 0. 851 which indicates its stable consistency. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 793 and in the desired range. Conclusion: The questionnaire of compliance with the principles of Iranian medicine affecting functional BLOATING has a good reliability and validity and can be used as an appropriate tool to examine aspects of lifestyle affecting functional BLOATING and gastrointestinal discomfort in the military.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in Iran with challenging treatment. Although trials have suggested that probiotics alleviate the complaints of patients with minimal side effects, they have not been investigated in Iranian adults.Methods: In a randomized double-blind study, 108 eligible IBS patients (Rome III Criteria) aged 20 – 70 years who referred consecutively to a clinical center in Tehran with abdominal BLOATING from 2010 to 2012 received a combination probiotics or placebo twice Daily for 4 weeks. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multi-strain probiotic combination. One week prior  and throughout the treatment, the participants recorded their abdominal symptoms on a daily basis, using visual analogue scale and reported satisfactory relief of general symptoms at the end of each week. Adverse events were evaluated by self-reporting and physical examination. Continuous variables were analyzed by independent t-test and chi-square was used for binomials.Results: The baseline characteristics were balanced (60% female, mean age 36.7±11.5). A total of 97 (51 intervention, 46 control) completed the treatment. Intention to treat analysis was done on 108 allocated subjects. 85% of the probiotic group reported satisfactory relief of general symptoms compared with 47% in the control group (P<0.01). A reduction in abdominal BLOATING and pain with probiotic was superior to placebo [-13.0 vs. -3.7 (P<0.01), -8.2 vs. -2.1 (P=0.02), respectively]. No severe adverse drug reaction was seen in either group. Conclusions: A 4-week period of treatment with the combination probiotics twice daily was safe, well tolerated, and effective in our patients. Further investigation is recommended for other subgroups of IBS. Trial Registration: IRCT.ir IRCT2012071010230N1

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesalazine plus bismuth on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chief complaint of BLOATING.Methods: The current quasi-experimental study, included patients with IBS and chief complaint of BLOATING and incomplete defecation. They were treated with masalazine and bismuth subcitrate and followed regularly based on monthly visits. The rate of symptoms relief, patients’ satisfaction and any side effects were recorded during the surveillance.Results: Overall, 42 patients (33 females and 9 males) were included. The mean age of the patients was 35.9 years (ranged 22 - 67 years); 32%, 44% and 24% had high, medium and low socioeconomic levels, respectively; 96% of the patients were nonsmokers and just two patients had a history of alcohol consumption. Two patients had glucose intolerance, four had hypothyroidism and four had past history of valvular heart disease. In 20% of the patients, the family history for intestinal bowl disease (IBD) was positive. Ten patients had a history of bloody diarrhea and no one had a history of any significant liver diseases. The most common symptoms of patients included incomplete defecation and tenesmus (41 patients, 97.6%), BLOATING (39 patients, 92.8%), abdominal fullness (35 patients, 83.3%) and mucus discharge (30 patients, 71.4%). After an average six months of treatment (3-11 months), 69.1% of patients reported improvement of symptoms more than 50% (38.1%, ranged 75% - 100%), and 31% (ranged 50% - 75%) indicated overall symptoms relief). The most significant improvement was reported for BLOATING (85%). There were no major side effects except minor degrees of diarrhea among 26% of the subjects.Conclusions: The results of the study were indicative of improvement and symptom relief in the majority of patients and it seems that treatment prolongation up to six months could be a key factor to achieve better clinical responses. It is recommended that further randomized clinical trials evaluate this therapeutic regimen.

Introduction: Many women suffer from BLOATING and abdominal distension after cesarean section. This study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of Anethum graveolenseed extract on intestinal function after cesarean section. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was performed on 80 cesarean section women in the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Pregnant women were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received Anethum graveolenseed extract 4 hours after cesarean section. Intestinal function was measured before the intervention up to 12 hours after cesarean section. It was measured using visual scale of BLOATING, tape meter and check list containing the first time of hearing intestinal sounds, flatulence and excretion. For the control group, only the intestinal function was measured as the intervention group. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and Mann-Whitney, independent t, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean of intensity of BLOATING was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p<0. 001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in mean scores of abdominal distension (p<0. 05). The mean time of hearing first intestinal sounds, flatulence and excretion after the surgery was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Consumption of dill seed drops improves the intestinal function after cesarean section.