MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm as a base of Sub-Space algorithms is applied in Array processing systems. The error of the algorithm in detection & resolution depends on several parameters, such as snapshots, signal-to-noise ratio and sensor locations. In this paper, the previous dependency is investigated. So, all the scenarios of Array shapes are defended and then i analytic formulas are derived in two bearings of θ and φ We will show which parameters have ithe most effect on the desired error (the error threshold).

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma is a main health problem in many countries and the third common cancer in Iran. This malignancy at present is the most curable carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. Variation in the expression of the proteins produced by P53, P21, P16, E-cadherin, and β-catenin genes have been noted in this malignancy and may be important in the prognosis and therapeutic response rate. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and pattern of expression of these proteins in tumoral and nontumoral colonic mucosa. The correlation with prognostic factors including tumor stage, grade, and vascular and perineural invasion was also determined. Material and Methods: The paraffin blocks from tumoral and nontumoral parts of the colon obtained from 58 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were studied along with 50 colectomic cases in individuals without malignancy. Cylindrical tissue fragments were obtained from appropriate parts of donor blocks by using a 2.5 mm punch biopsy instrument. Each 30 samples were manually Arrayed in one tissue Array block. Expression of above genes was investigated after sectioning the blocks and immunohistochemical staining of slides. Results: The expression of P53 in tumor cells was significantly more common than in colonic nontumor cells and colon of individuals without tumor (p<0.001); expression of this protein in tumoral tissues was directly related to vascular invasion (p=0.017). The expression frequency of P21 and P16 in tumor cells was less than nontumoral tissues of patients with cancer and patients without cancer (p<0.001). These two gene products showed no correlation with prognostic factors. The expression frequency of membranous E-cadherin and β-catenin in tumor cells was not different from controls, while the membranous expression of E-cadherin was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.023) and vascular invasion (p=0.025). In addition, the membranous expression of β-catenin was inversely related to vascular invasion (p=0.049). Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of β-catenin in tumor cells were significantly higher than their expression in the controls (p<0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of this marker was inversely related to disease stage (p=0.013), while its nuclear expression was inversely related to cell differentiation (p=0.012).Conclusion: According to our data, it seems that we are able to predict aggressive capacity of the colorectal tumor by determining the frequency and pattern of expression of P53, E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins. These studies can be done simply on formalin-fixed small biopsy samples before surgery to provide valuable information for surgeons, gastroenterologists, and oncologists to choose the best therapeutic approach and predict the therapeutic response. Manual tissue Array method is believed to be an economical technique for similar research projects.

Chromosome microArray is being suggested and replacing karyotype as first tier diagnostic test for individuals with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Chromosome microArray gives a diagnostic yield of 15-20% for genetic testing of individuals with DD/ID, ASD or MCA compared to 3% in karyotype (excluding Down syndrome and other recognizable chromosomal syndromes). We present the results of chromosome microArray performed on 110 individuals with DD/ID, ASD or MCA. From the 110 cases, 23 cases (20.9%) showed copy number variations, of which 13 were deletions, 5 were duplication and 5 were duplication and deletion. The limitations of chromosome microArray are for detection of balanced translocation and low-level mosaicism, but these chromosomal abnormalities are rare causes of abnormal phenotypes in this category of patients.

Today, literature and poetry have a more comprehensive definition than mere literary expression with academic meanings and tools. Literature is the collection of all the scientific abilities of the language in the field of structure and richness. The artistic creativity of the poet and the employment of excellent compositions and themes lead to the production of a literary and artistic work, which can be found in the excitement and expansion of the audience. The aim of this research is to reach the communication network of all the factors related to the language and the appearance of the word, which not only carries the meaning, but also creates a different meaning and concept from the apparent meaning that results from the phonetic, lexical or visual mechanism. A network that is referred to as "artwork". Artistic device (prime) is a meta-Array approach to the aesthetic tools of language in poetry, which formalists consider to be the art of alienating language from the mind of the audience.

High-gain antennas are crucial for ensuring stable communication in imaging and remote sensing satellites due to their ability to support high data transmission rates while compensating for the limitations associated with increasing transmitter power or reducing transmission rates. Various antenna types, including electromechanical pointing structures, planar phased Array antennas, and conformal phased Array antennas, are employed for high-resolution image transmission and communication with ground stations. In satellite communication systems, small-gain omnidirectional antennas typically exhibit a significant gain of 15 dBi. Among these, the conical structure maximizes effective area, while the polyhedral pyramidal structure is also highly effective. An X-band patch antenna was designed and subjected to full-wave simulation using CST software to enhance performance. The designed antenna achieved a peak gain of 5.64 dBi at 8.45 GHz. The antenna Array configuration includes eight patch antennas mounted on each face of a polyhedral Array, with power distributed via an 8-way Wilkinson power divider. The resulting Array achieved a gain of 14.3 dBi, by Array theory principles. The construction of a polyhedral conformal Array yielded a maximum gain of 18.3 dBi, with consistent gains exceeding 15 dBi for elevation angles beyond 30°. A high-gain circularly polarized Array antenna was specifically engineered for satellite system applications, ensuring a robust and effective design and construction. A triangular planar Array facilitates the development of various conformal Array configurations, making it well-suited for satellite applications.

In this paper, we propose a new model for additive noise based on GARCH time-series in Array signal processing. Due to the some reasons such as complex implementation and computational problems, probability distribution function of additive noise is assumed Gaussian. In the different applications, scrutiny and measurement of noise shows that noise can sometimes significantly non-Gaussian and thus the methods based on Gaussian noise will degrade in an actual conditions. Heavy-tail probability density function (PDF) and time-varying statistical characteristics (e.g.; variance) are the most features of the additive noise process. On the other hand, GARCH process has important properties such as heavy-tail PDF (as excess kurtosis) and volatility modeling through feedback mechanism onto conditional variance so that it seems the GARCH model is a good candidate for the additive noise model in the Array processing applications. In this paper, we propose a new method based on GARCH using the maximum likelihood approach in Array processing and verify the performance of this approach in the estimation of the Direction-of-Arrivals of sources against the other methods and using the Cramer-Rao Bound.

Beamforming is one of the most important Array signal processing blocks in sonar systems which due to the nature of the environment and conditions of operating, requires using of the robust and adaptive methods to provide the feasible specifications in outputs. In the present paper, the latest methods for the adaptive robust beamforming such as enhanced and modified covariance matrix methods are investigated and finally, by using of simulation in different scenarios and conditions such as steering vector error, sensors gain and phase perturbation and high power noise and strong interference, their capabilities and abilities are presented and method are evaluated. The results show that the methods of Diagonal Loading, LCMV and LCMV mod in different states are not feasible and CMR and ESB methods in the presence of error of steering vector, strong interference and high power noise and gain and phase distortion are more suitable.