Background: Pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures can be associated with infectious, vascular, and neurological complications. There is debate about emergency or elective treatment methods of this fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the passing of time in the treatment of pediatric elbow supracondylar fractures.Methods: In this study, 60 patients underwent early surgery (before 8 hours) and 60 patients with delayed arrival underwent delayed treatment (after 8 hours). After data collection by observation and checklist they were analyzed by means of SPSS software and X2, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney statistical test. P values of>0.05 were considered significant.Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding neurovascular injury, infection, myositis ossificans, and varus deformity. Moreover, there was no compartment syndrome in the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: We were unable to identify any significant differences regarding complications such as neurovascular injury, infection, myositis ossificans, and varus deformity between early and delayed treatment groups of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. Therefore, the choice between early or delayed operative treatment depends on the surgeon’s preference and judgment.

Background: One of the common nosocomial bacteria is methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Todays, herbal extracts like Zataria multiflora from Lamiaceae family are increasingly used. The aim of this study is the evaluation the antibacterial effect of Zataria Multiflora exteract on MRSA. Material and Methods: 232 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for isolation of MRSA strains. As a result, 75 out of 232 strains were identified as MRSA by oxacillin screening method. Consequently, the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora on 75 strains of MRSA was evaluated. The extract of Z.multiflora was prepared from dried leaves, using maceration method. The antibacterial activity of the extract with initial concentration of 200 mg/ml was determined by micro broth dilution method.Results: It is showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is varied from 2-16 µg/ml for MRSA strains. It inhibited the growth of S.epidermidis, S.saprophyticus and methicillin sensitive S.aureus (MSSA), with approximately 8-16 µg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract that could destroy 62.6% MRSA strains and the other examined bacteria was 512 µg/ml and more. Conclusion: It seems that Zataria multiflora extract could inhibit the growth of all of mentioned bacteria. The bactericidal effect of Zataria multiflora extract was less than its bacteriostatic effect.

Background: The important reality is that all of human developments and successes are due to learning. Knowing students learning styles will help to produce an educational plan in order to optimal and effective learning. The aim of this study was the comparison of learning styles and preferred teaching methods of different students of medical sciences.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research. That was done on all students at Fasa Medical Sciences University in 2009. For data gathering, questionnaires of demographic variables and Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI) was used and analyzed.Results: Majority of students learning style was convergent learning (38.3%) and then assimilator learning style (29.9%). More frequent preferred teaching method was group discussion.There was a significant difference between learning styles and course of students (P=0.011).Conclusion: Since, the majority of students had convergent and assimilator learning styles is recommended, considering the diversity of learning styles, educational methods related ro learning styles were using.

Introduction: Many diseases are caused by the lack of food hygiene. Safe, health and good quality food plays an important role in providing community health and qualitative development of human capital. There are many guidelines and recommendations for the production and correct consumption of food in Quran and Sunnah. The aim of this study was to recognize the importance of food hygiene from Quran approach.Methods: This is a retrospective study attempted to investigate a scientific analysis of scientific literature and Islamic sources about the importance of and food safety and health from Quran approach.Findings & Conclusion: This study showed that Quran provides the most perfect food hygiene and safety standards as lawful (Halal) and clean (Tayyib) to provide all aspects of quality in terms of health and safety, nutritious, nourishing and being legitimate needs. Implementation of such progressive standards depends on a correct understanding of Quran, applying quality assurance systems and moving towards organic production. Tayyab and Halal standards are becoming a global brand. The implementation of these standards provides both very high added value for the country in terms of production and supply of safe, health and good quality food and quality development of human capital such as reforming the faith, beliefs, thoughts and behaviors, developing the talents, boosting the capabilities, providing the comprehensive health of human and promoting the human to God.

The fast pace of changes in the old urban fabrics accentuates the way we approach and deal with these fabrics, regardless of the positive or negative aspects of the physical changes that depend on the views of the planners and the policies adopted. It is necessary to document and record the previous architectural patterns. The main challenge in this confrontation is whether the old buildings of the city of Arak have the ability to be categorized in a typology, and how to recognize the main types of identified structures in this fabric. This research, with a descriptive approach, elucidates the architectural theme and zoning in the historic urban fabric, and focuses on the general orientation of residential buildings, the generic elements of the building, its physical elements and its components, and their applications in the old houses. As a result, this descriptive– historical study, in which a combination of methods was used, led to recognition of residential typology and understanding of major types of residential architecture patterns in the old context. Finally, three main types were introduced in the houses of Arak. Given the developments in the last century, historic houses are severely subject to destruction, while the majority of residential areas in Iran are located in historic urban fabrics. Studies show that there has not been much research conducted on these houses and there is no comprehensive understanding of them, while emphasizing on the basic needs of the Iranian people and their environment can lead us to the appropriate housing pattern for Iranians. The city of Arak has been considered majorly from an industrial and commercial point of view. In this regard, the architecture and urbanization of Arak have been neglected and its developments have been neglected. Except for a few cases that have generally addressed the subject, this idea has not been previously researched. On the other hand, the houses of Arak are suitable models for understanding the development of Arak architecture due to their dispersion in the city and belonging to different time periods. For this purpose, in this research, the typology of traditional houses in Arak has been studied. Studies show that there are different definitions and methods for typology. Therefore, after studying the shape, climate, cultural, and structure of materials, the historical typology of Qajar houses in Arak is discussed. Three house types have been identified by surveys carried out on Arak houses:-Type A (Mountainous Type)-Type B (Desert Type)-Type C (Extrovert Type) The mountainous type is derived from the architecture style of cold and dry climate of Iran such as Hamedan, Kurdistan, and so on. In this type, the shape of the plan is compact with one or two sides; it is asymmetric, with two floors most often and an average occupancy level with a large number of rooms. The desert type is based on the architecture of Iranian desert cities such as Yazd and Kashan. In this type, two other subcategories are also observed. The first subcategory (B1) is very similar to the houses of the hot and dry climate of Iran with a central courtyard. Mostly the central courtyard has three or four sides and is symmetrical, with mostly two floors and a medium occupancy level with a large number of rooms. The second subcategory (B2) is more closely related to desert type in terms of spatial organization and is generally different from the central courtyard houses. In terms of the shape of a plan, it has two or three sides, and is asymmetric, most often with two floors and an average occupancy level with a small number of rooms. The extrovert type, which originated in Pahlavi period, is derived from the typical Persian Pahlavi architecture of Iran. This type has been created outside the fabric of the castle. In terms of shape, they have extrovert plans; it has an asymmetrical structure, mostly with two floors and with a low occupancy level with a large number of rooms. On the other hand, over time, the spatial organization of houses has changed from Qajar period to Pahlavi era:-The houses have become more extrovert and the central courtyards have become fewer.-There is less symmetry in Pahlavi houses.-The vast majority of houses in the old city (castle of Sultan Abad) have a central courtyard, but this pattern is lost once the city was expanded outside the castle. Overall, in houses outside the fabric, the area of the yard is larger than the houses inside the fabric.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an old disease that today becomes a re-emerging disease. AIDS, immigration and drug resistance have caused the change of the epidemiology of tuberculosis during the recent years. The aim of this study was to examine epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Arak (Iran) during 1998-2008. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study based on the recorded epidemiologic information of TB patients in the health centers of Arak city during 10 recent years. At the first a questionnaire was completed for each TB patient; based on his/her epidemiologic information recorded by the experts of Arak health centers.Results: Total number of TB patients in Arak city between the years 1998 and 2008 was 789 persons. The most frequent number of patients was in the year 1999 and the least was in 2007. Among them, there were 301 men and 488 women. The mean of patient’s age was 52.91. 1% had jail experience and 0.4% also suffered from AIDS, 68.1% suffered from pulmonary TB and 31.6% suffered from intrapulmonary TB. The outcome of treatment is as following: 86.2%were cured. There was 18.4% death due to TB and 1.4% death due to other reasons. Also, there were 1.4% transferred, 0.5% interrupted treatment and 15% failure treatment.Conclusion: Although it seems that the incidence of disease has decreased, but this decrement is not significantly different. AIDS has no significant effect on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in recent ten years. According to our findings, declining the successful treatment and raising the rate of death due to TB shows the necessity of better patient finding, early diagnosis and perfect cure.

Heavy metals (Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt) of groundwater in Amanabad plain on the 12 drinking wells were compared in the years of 1997 and 2016 downstream of Arak Landfill. A comparison of heavy metal concentrations of wells with drinking standards indicates that water is not contaminated with Mercury, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt in the two years. The waters showed contamination with Arsenic in 2016 and Pb in 1997 and 2016 respectively. The index of Arsenic and Lead metal contamination in wells in 2016 was more than ten times that of 1997. Fifty-eight percent of drinking water wells, which had a moderate level of pollution in the 1997 year, but, were high polluted in 2016 year. Examination of Arsenic and Lead concentrations in leachate and soil of Arak landfill showed that they are more than 50 times the standard water and even drinking water of Amanabad plain. The study showed that Arsenic and Lead in the wells of the area were caused by landfill leachate. Lead has also been derived from atmospheric dust in nearby industries and traffic in the area. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce Arsenic and Lead in the Arak municipal solid waste landfill as well as industries and urban transport.

The main objective of this study refers to zone Arak city by using geomorphological parameters of the fuzzy logic model. In order to fulfil these objectives, 10 parameters such as effective height, the distance from fault, the distance from the main channel, the distance from sub-channel, distance out of the way of communication, slope percent, distance from settlements, topography type, land erosion and seismic vulnerability in the form of raster and vector maps were prepared. Each raster layer was defined based on research studies and expert's opinion. But being in a range of vector layers 0 and 1 did not need to be defined. After applying the functions, operations, multiplication, addition and different values of gamma phase were also performed on the layers. So, ARC GIS 9.3 and ERDAS 9.1 software were used. Since, comparison analysis has been done between the suitable arenas to real situation of city according to the critical arenas and suitable arenas of the gammas quantities. Based on finding, the fuzzy gammas have been in match with the most suitable lands of the town. The results indicated that two stations in the West and the East of County seemed suitable for the future development of Arak, but the north and northeast arena of city were the first priority at present time. At last, the final map was classified to 5 classes: very low portion 2189, low proportion 389, medium proportion 593, high proportion 552 and very high proportion 381 with a great square kilometers were defined, respectively.

Hypertension is a common disease, without signs and usually easily treatable. In the absence of treatment, it can lead to life threatening events. In the absence of signs, early diagnosis of the disease is reduced. Likewise as factors such as genetic, social and dietary in different societies remain different, these in itself might be effective in the development of hypertension this formed the basis of the research to evaluate the environmental and genetic factor as predisposing factors in the development of hypertension. This case control study was conducted on patients with blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg in the city of Arak in the year 2003 using multistage sampling. A total of 1000 persons were recruited. The data including demographic data, social habits comprising of dietary, social, personal habits, signs and symptoms and clinical findings were recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and statistical descriptive indices, and for comparison of the means and their relation logistic regression was employed. During the research the researchers remained loyal to the guide – lines laid down by the ministry of health, teaching and treatment. In this research 263 patients with primary hypertension were compared with 765 patients not having primary hypertension. Low level education (p<0001, or=2.78) and obesity (p<003) and short stature (p<001) and minimal touch with father and mother (p<001) and death of one degree (p<001) and aortic murmur (P=05) and family dissatisfaction (p<04) were risk factor for hypertension presentation. Design of model to predict hypertension or its absence based on clinical and anthropometric findings can be tackled via in formation cardiovascular, brain, kidney and eye complications can be reduced. According to the model obtained, regarding systemic hypertension, these models can be used in patients with a positive family history in out patient departments and private clinics.

In this paper, the main aim is the identification of weather types in Arak station. In this study we used 18 daily climatology variables including dry temperature between hours (15- 09-03), wet bulb between hours (15- 09-03), relative humidity (15- 09-03), wind speed (15- 09-03), wind direction (15- 09-03), daily precipitation amount, max and min temperature during the years of 1984/3/21 to 2004/3/19 in 20 years, two decades, for Arak station. At first a data base was provided in MATLAB software. This data base consisted of all the events whose number of variables was recorded in it. For data analysis, one of the shapes eigenvector named P was used for typing. In fact P arrangement is an arrangement of data matrix on which the climate variables are shown on columns and days on lines. Then the data were standardized so that each of the variables has an equal share in typing. At the end, on the standardized data, a cluster analysis with the method of Ward link was carried on. Then a total dendrogram for station was drawn. With regard to the main dendrogram for Arak station, four main types were obtained. The type of warm and dry are the most frequent, most endurable, most dominant and the most homogeneous; it has grown in the recent years. The type of cold and humid is the most frequent and the most heterogeneous. The moderate type is the most harmonious, the least lasting and the most sporadic. The very cold and raining type is the least frequent and has the longest period of waiting for recurrence. In recent years, rainfall has occurred relatively. On the whole, the dominance of weather types has been illustrative of the dominance of various climatic seasons. Then for each type, frequency, occurrence, nonoccurrence, diversity, day representative and time period in the last two decades have been investigated so that frequency of weather type changes becomes known.