Vapor-phase methylation of toluene using methanol and its isopropylation with 2-propanol has been investigated in a down flow reactor under atmospheric conditions using N2 carrier over a series of surface modified and unmodified ZSM-5 (Si/Al=60–170) loaded with H3PO4, differing in the external surface treatment of the zeolites.The feed molar ratios of toluene/methanol and toluene/2-propanol were varied over a wide range (8–0.125), and the optimum feed ratio of toluene/Alcohol was less than 0.5 in both cases. Space velocity employed in toluene methylation reported as WHSV (toluene) =1.2h-1, and the space velocity employed in toluene isopropylation reported as WHSV (toluene) =0.8 h-1. The methylation reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 623–773 K, and the isopropylation reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 483–583 K. Atmospheric pressures was maintained in all runs. Catalysts containing 0–4.9 wt.% P were prepared using modified and unmodified ZSM-5 zeolites, and their catalytic performance for vapor-phase alkylation of toluene with methanol and 2-propanol were investigated. The optimum phosphorous content for methylation was 2.1 wt.% P which was greater than the optimum phosphorous loading for isopropylation (0.7 wt.% P).

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Alcohol and non-Alcohol mouthwashes on the color change of two types of bleach shade composite. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two samples of IPS empress direct composite (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and 22 samples of Vitalescence snow white composite (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) were prepared in 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The specimens were polished with Sof-Lex (3M ESPE, USA) abrasive papers in supra fine, fine, and medium sizes. The specimens were then stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37° C, and an initial colorimetric assay was performed using SP64 spectrophotometer. Samples were randomly divided to be placed in 20 ml of Alcohol and non-Alcohol Listerine mouthwashes and were incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. The color of the specimens was again measured, and color change (Δ E) was calculated. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level. Results: None of the mouthwashes caused clinically significant discoloration in the samples. The effect of both mouthwashes on composite discoloration was statistically significant (P=0. 0001), and the interaction between the mouthwash and type of restorative material was significant (P=0. 0001). Conclusion: IAccording to the findings of this study, Alcohol mouthwashes cause more discoloration in composite resins.

Background: Intravenous therapy is one of the most common treatments in hospitals. Infection is the most significant side effect of this treatment. Objective: Comparison of the effect of three methods of skin disinfection on prevalence rate of local infection resulting from peripheral veins catheterization. Methods: This quasi - experimental study was conducted on 100patients hospitalized in CCU and heart wards of khatam-al-anbia hospital in three groups: Alcohol (33), bethadine (34), and Alcohol then bethadine (33) in Zahedan (2000). The skin of the patients was disinfected by especial antiseptic of that group prior to catheter insertion. After discharging the catheter, its tip was separated by means of sterile method and it was cultured in sheep blood agar media by semi-quantity method. Data was collected by means of laboratory reports and control sheet and analyzed by SPSS and Z test. Findings: The results indicated that the prevalence of local infection in the Alcohol then bethadine was 0%. It was 9.1% and 11.76%in a1coholand bethadinegroups, respectively,which Z test indicated a significant statistical correlation between the prevalence rate of infection in Alcohol then bathadine groupand Alcoholgroup(P=0.038)and bathadinegroup(P=0.02). Conclusion: According to the fmdings of this research, disinfections of skin before insertion peripheral catheters by means of Alcohol then bethadine is more effective in controlling local infection rather than sole Alcohol or bethadine.

Background: Intravenous therapy is one of the most common treatments in hospitals. Infection is the most significant side effect of this treatment. Objective: Comparison of the effect of three methods of skin disinfection on prevalence rate of local infection resulting from peripheral veins catheterization. Methods: This quasi – experimental study was conducted on 100 patients hospitalized in CCU and heart wards of khatam-al-anbia hospital in three groups: Alcohol (33), bethadine (34), and Alcohol then bethadine (33) in Zahedan (2000). The skin of the patients was disinfected by especial antiseptic of that group prior to catheter insertion. After discharging the catheter, its tip was separated by means of sterile method and it was cultured in sheep blood agar media by semi-quantity method. Data was collected by means of laboratory reports and control sheet and analyzed by SPSS and Z test. Findings: The results indicated that the prevalence of local infection in the Alcohol then bethadine was 0%. It was 9.1% and 11.76% in Alcohol and bethadine groups, respectively, which Z test indicated a significant statistical correlation between the prevalence rate of infection in Alcohol then bathadine group and Alcohol group (P=0.038) and bathadine group (P=0.02). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, disinfections of skin before insertion peripheral catheters by means of Alcohol then bethadine is more effective in controlling local infection rather than sole Alcohol or bethadine.