BACKGROUND: Estrus synchronization is a valuable technique in control of reproductive function in ewe. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the status of estrus incidence and hormone profiles in blood serum of ARABIC EWES synchronized using the long and short periods of CIDR in non-breeding season. METHODS: In non-breeding season, a total of 58 ARABIC EWES aged 2-5 years old (average of BW 46 kg) and non pregnant in a completely randomized design were assigned to three experimental groups: 1- control (no treatment), 2- shortterm (6 days) and 3- long-term (14 days) treatments with vaginal CIDR. Immediately after removing the CIDR, 600 IU of PMSG was injected intra muscle. In the CIDR treatments, estrogen and progesterone concentrations of blood serum were measured immediately before of CIDR insertion, three days after CIDR insertion, one day after CIDR removal and 50 days after mating. In order to heat detection and mating, one healthy and fertile ARABIC ram was introduced to every 5 EWES. RESULTS: The interval to estrus after CIDR removal in short and long term treatments, were 51.02 and 34.74 hours, respectively (P<0.01). Occurrence of estrus in short-term (88.8%) and long term (95.2%) treatments of CIDR was higher than control (5.26%) (P<0.01), but this difference between CIDR treatments was not significant (P>0.05). One day after CIDR removal and 50 days after mating, estrogen concentration of blood serum was significantly higher in longterm than the short-term CIDR treatment (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in blood serum progesterone level between treatments in all times (P>0.05). The concentrations of these hormones in various periods of short and long term treatments of CIDR were in fluctuant. CONCLUSIONS: The use of short term (6 days) CIDR has the appropriate estrus occurrence and reproductive function in non breeding season of ARABIC EWES.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and parturition are the important physiological conditions that could affect the body metabolism in ruminants.OBJECTIVES: The present experiment was carried out to investigate the variations of thyroid hormones and metabolite levels during pre-conception, pregnancy months and post parturition in ARABIC EWES.METHODS: Estrus synchronization and natural mating were done in 20 healthy ARABIC EWES with the ages of 3 to 5 years and they were reared under the same breeding and feeding conditions. Blood samples were taken before gestation, consecutive months of pregnancy and 45 days after delivery and blood sera levels of thyroid hormones and metabolites were determined. Data were analyzed using the SAS software in a completely randomized design by Proc Mixed.RESULTS: The blood sera concentration of T3 before the pregnancy was lower than that in post parturition (P<0.05). The amount of T4 in the last month of pregnancy was the lowest (P<0.05). T3/T4 ratio in various periods was not significantly different (P>0.05). Blood sera glucose in pre pregnancy was higher than its amount in gestation months and post parturition (P<0.05). Triglyceride concentration in the last month of pregnancy was the highest (P<0.05). Total protein concentration in the last month of pregnancy showed a significant decrease in comparison with other months of the pregnancy and before pregnancy (P<0.05). Albumin concentration of the blood sera was not affected by the time intervals of the study (P>0.05). Sera globulin concentration in the fourth month of pregnancy reached the highest value when compared to pre pregnancy and post parturition (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the levels of thyroid hormones and some blood serum parameters of ARABIC ewe in pre-conception, months of pregnancy and post parturition periods were different.

This experiment was conducted to determine the reproductive performance of Arabian EWES treated with short and long-term progesterone devices in addition to low doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) during the anoestrus season. A total of 36 EWES were divided into three groups: in group I vaginal sponges (60 mg medroxy progesterone acetate; (MAP)) were applied and removed after 6 days; in group II, vaginal MAP sponges were removed 12 days following insertion, while group III served as control group. The first two groups were intramuscularly injected with of 300 IU eCG, following sponge removal. Parameters such as oestrus response rate, time to onset of oestrus, duration of oestrus, pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates were evaluated. Blood samples were collected one day before sponge insertion and two days after sponge insertion and on day of oestrus. There were significant differences between the group I and II with control group regarding the plasma estradiol and progesterone levels. There were no significant differences in oestrus response, time to onset of oestrus, pregnancy, lambing and fecundity rates between groups I and II (P>0.05). However, differences were significant when these two treatment groups were compared with the control group. In group I, duration of oestrus was significantly higher than group II (P<0.05). In addition, other factors in group I was numerically greater than group II (P>0.05). It was concluded that short-term sponge treatment (6 days) had better performance when compared with the long-term sponge treatment (12 days) in Arabian EWES.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of short and long term treatment with progestagens in addition to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in Arabian EWES during the non-breeding season. A total of 56 EWES were divided into three groups: in group I vaginal sponges (60 mg medroxy progesterone acetate; MAP) were applied and removed after 6 days; in group II, vaginal MAP sponges were removed 14 days following insertion while group III served as control group. The first two groups were intramuscularly injected with of 600 IU PMSG, following sponge removal. Parameters such as estrus response rate, duration of estrus, pregnancy rate and fecundity were evaluated. There were no significant differences in estrus response rate and fecundity rate between groups I and II (P>0.05). However, differences were significant when these two treatment groups were coMAPred with control group. In group I, duration of estrus was significantly higher than group II (P<0.05). In addition, pregnancy rate in group I was significantly higher than group II (P<0.05). It was concluded that short-term sponge treatment (6 days) had better performance when coMAPred with long-term sponge treatment (14 days) in Arabian EWES.

ARABIC Logic, like the rest of medieval ARABIC science and philosophy, is entirely Western and has nothing to do with Oriental philosophy. It developed wholly in the wake of the classical Greek tradition as preserved in and transmitted through late Greek Aristotelianism.The present account briefly traces the evolution of ARABIC logic from its inception in the late eighth century to its stultification in the sixteenth century, mentioning only the most important trends, figures, and achievements. Information on individual writers can be found in Carl Brockelmann’s monumental geschichte der arabischen litteratur.

Abortion is considered as an important factor for economic losses in flocks of sheep and goats, cause by many different infectious agents. The most common cause of infectious abortion in domestic animals are bacteria. In this cross sectional study, the prevalence of bacterial agents in 226 cases of abortion in sheep and goats in the Hamedan province were studied. Bacterial agent were isolated as from 61 sample (26.99%), including 12 sample brucella (5.3%), 1 sample campylobacter (0.44%), 37 sample E.coli (16.93%) and 11 sample other bacteria (4.87%). According to the results, bacterial agents with focus an brucella, have low role of abortion in the examinated cases. So, evaluation of viral and parasitic agents of abortionin sheep and goat (for example blue tongue disease &Toxoplasmosis) is necessary for determining their role in this issue. On the other hand, managment control of abortion is an important step in reducing the cases.

Objective: To study microscopic structure of renal artery and measurement of histomorphometrical parameters before birth.Design: Observational study.Animals: Twelve embryonic artery of both sexes at 3 and 4 months age.Procedure: Samples of arteries were taken and fixed in 10% formalin. The process was done in autotechnicon. Sections of 6 micron were stained by H&E and green mason trichrom and studied under light microscope.Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.Results: All 3 layers of the wall of vessels were well developed in both sexes and ages of renal artery. In both ages, histomorphometrical studies showed that total diameter of renal artery in males was lesser than the females. Increase in age increased thickness of wall and diameter of lumen. While there were not significant difference between sexes, the measured parameters of renal artery showed significant difference between age groups.Conclusion: Histomorphological structures of embryonic renal artery in sheep showed 3 vascular layers. Internal elastic membrane was clearly and external elastic membrane was poorly observed and in some regions was interrupted. The recent layer will completely develop after birth by development of blood circulation. Increase in the age increase percentage of tunica media. On the other hand, percentage of other layers showed partially decrease.

Objective: Isolation and characterization of bacterial agents of abortion in EWES of Shiraz area.Design: Cross sectional study.Samples: One hundred and ninety eight aborted fetuses of Shiraz area were examined under bacteriological study.Procedure: Fetal stomach contents and/or liver and lung of aborted fetuses were collected for bacteriological tests.Results: Ninety one (46%) out of 107 (54%) bacterial isolates showed negative results. Brucella, Salmonella, Campylobacter and E.coli were the most dominant isolates.Conclusion: Despite the success of the prevention and control program, abortion causes economic losses in the sheep industry. In this regard, brucella and salmonella are the most infective agents.

After entering the religion of Islam into Iran, Persian scientists backing the Islamic sciences and familiarity with the past, works were written and some works to the Muslim world released the official language. This fact can be seen more in philosophical and theology In many other cases, including the science of literary, educational and mystical works of Persian title, but with ARABIC writing accordingly.Use of the ARABIC language, after the Constitutional era (contemporary literature), except in rare cases, can not be observed and then, writers and poets, using the Persian language by writing and others.In this article, after classification into three parts, published books by authors in Iran, has been studied:A) ARABIC titles and ARABIC textsB) ARABIC titles and Persian textsC) Persian titles and Persian texts