Background & aim: The essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) are frequently used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT of the essential oils of chamomile and chamomile and feverfew.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 2012 at Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. Essential oils of two medicinal plants species including chamomile and feverfew were obtained by hydrodistillation; their constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS using retention indices and fragmentation patterns. The ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTs (MIC and MBC) of the essential oils were assessed on a number of microorganisms including gram positive and gram negative bacteria by microdilution technique. The interaction of plant essential oils against microorganisms through differential inhibition index was also evaluated. Data were analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test statistic Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the oils were 0.22-4 and 0.09-1 mg/mlfor chamomile and feverfew respectively. Moreover, the combination of the plants essential oils confirmed synergistic against L. monocytogenes, B. subtilis and B. cereus and additive activities against S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhimorium.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the application of these essential oils is recommended in combination as an efficients and complementary method for controlling microorganisms.

Background: Because of importance and extensive use of textile in clinical setting especially as bandage, so outbreak of nosocomial infections due to Bacteria resistance; nanobiotechnological advances in recent decade, achieved methods for fabrication ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT in fibers that can satisfied the needs of patients in the wake of health and hygiene.Methods: The ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT of special type of fibers produced in Isfahan Poly Acryl Plant on one resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from 54 wound samples of patients in Isabn e Maryam hospital and P.aeruginosa (PTCC1024) was studied by using shake flask method. In order to compare the EFFECT of pure ANTIMICROBIAL agent of the fiber with that of gentamicin, the minimal inhibitory concentration of these agents was tested on strains. The EFFECT of the interaction of these two ANTIMICROBIAL agents and their fractional inhibitory concentration on chosen strains was studied using checkerboard method.Results: The results show inefficient EFFECT by ANTIMICROBIAL fiber on P.aeruginosa strains after 24 hrs. But despite the high level MIC of gentamicin on these bacteria (1-3 mg/ml), the MIC of pure ANTIMICROBIAL agent of fiber at a level of 10-3 ml/ml caused growth inhibition. The interaction of these antibacterial agents on the P.aeruginosa isolated from wound was evaluated as synergism.Conclusions: According to this study the ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT of the fiber on growth inhibition of P.aeruginosa strains is negative (despite of significant EFFECT by pure ANTIMICROBIAL agent used in produced the ANTIMICROBIAL fiber on examined strains).

Background and objectives It is essential to introduce new ANTIMICROBIALs or to evaluate the synergistic EFFECT of existing compounds as a therapeutic strategy against microbial strains resistant to one or more antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ANTIMICROBIAL activity and synergistic EFFECT of lactoferrin chimera (cLF) in interaction with some common therapeutic antibiotics. Materials and methods The ANTIMICROBIAL activity of cLF and the antibiotics including gentamicin, cefazolin, and ceftazidime were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and subsequently, the synergistic EFFECT of this peptide with each of the mentioned antibiotics was checked against E coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi were investigated and the minimum fraction inhibitory concentration (FIC) was reported. Release of cytoplasmic materials, plotting of survival curves, and activity of peptides alone and in combination with antibiotics were evaluated, and bacterial cell morphology investigating was performed using scanning electron microscopy at MIC and FIC concentrations. Results The synergistic EFFECT was observed in the combination of cLF with all antibiotics. The results showed that at FIC concentrations, material release from the cytoplasm and the number of surviving cells were significantly higher and lower than when peptides or antibiotics were used alone, respectively. The activity of peptides and antibiotics at FIC concentration was increasing and SEM images at this concentration showed severe membrane damage of bacterial cells. Conclusions The use of cLF and antibiotics at FIC concentrations reduces the dose of both substances.

Introduction: In folk medicine, Nerium oleander L is used as cardio tonic, diuretic and as local in treating fungal infections. In this research the ANTIMICROBIAL and antifungal EFFECTs of Nerium oleander was studied. Materials and methods: In this study, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts were prepared by maceration and soxhelet methods. Different concentrations of each extract were applied on standard and nosocomial microorganisms by agar dilution, disk and cylinder plate methods. Microorganisms such as S. aureus, P. aerogenosa and C. albicans were taken from blood, feces, spinal fluid, wound, vagina and so on. Cloxacillin, gentamicin and clotrimasol were used as positive controls. Results: The results showed that, among extracts, methanol extract had significant ANTIMICROBIAL and antifungal EFFECTs, which was comparable to that of standard antibiotics. Chloroform extract showed no EFFECT. EFFECT of methanol extract on microorganisms was as follow; 500mg/100ml of extract was equal to 1mg/100ml cloxacillin on S. aureus and 2mg/100ml gentamicin on P. aerogenosa respectively. 2g/100ml of extract was equal to 0.4mg/100ml clotrimasol on C. albicans. Conclusion: The methanol extract of Nerium oleander exerts significant EFFECT compare to standard drugs.

Providing safe foods resistant to pathogens as well as replacing chemical preservatives with natural compounds including essential oils has attracted great attention in current studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ANTIMICROBIAL properties of clove’s essential oil on hamburger. For this reason, clove essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was measured. The ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT of the essence in the concentrations of 0.0015%, 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.15% was examined on hamburger. The samples were examined at 0, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days of cold storage. Sensory characteristics of the samples were assessed through Hedonic method. MICs resulted from the test for S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and A. niger were 0.1%, 0.065%, 0.03% and 0.01% (V/V), respectively. The results of microbial examinations indicated that with the increasing of the concentration of clove oil essence and also with the progression of storage time, the microbial load was gradually decreased. According to the sensory assays conducted by the consumers, low concentrations of 0.0015% and maximum of 0.01% were found desirable.

Introduction: Lysozyme is a natural enzyme with positive ANTIMICROBIAL activity against Gram Positive bacteria, but its action is limited on Gram Negative bacteria, which is assumed a restriction for its uses in industry. The purpose of this research was to glycosylate lysozyme with dextran through Maillard-based reaction and to study the ANTIMICROBIAL characteristics of lysozyme-dextran conjugate.Materials and Methods: Glycosylation of lysozyme with dextran was performed using a 1:5 weight ratio of protein to dextran, incubated at 60oC for one week under the relative humidity of 79%. For evaluating conjugation of dextran to lysozyme, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was conducted. Gel filtration chromatography with sephadox G-100 was used for separation of conjugated enzyme. Lytic activity, free amino group and ANTIMICROBIAL activity of the modified enzyme were evaluated.Results: SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to follow the glycosylation process. Results indicated that 3.7 moles of dextran were coupled to one mole of lysozyme. The lytic activity of the conjugate was about 62% of that of the native lysozyme. Evaluation of ANTIMICROBIAL activity of the lysozyme dextran conjugate indicated the EFFECTiveness of modified enzyme against E. coli and a progressive increase in ANTIMICROBIAL activity with an increase in enzyme-conjugate concentration. The ANTIMICROBIAL action of lysozyme on S. aureus was not improved by conjugation with dextran as compared with that of E. coli.Conclusion: These results might increase the application of lysozyme as a natural ANTIMICROBIAL ingredient in different food systems.

Aim: With regard to importance ofbacteriae and their products in initiation and perpetuation ofpulpo-periapical pathosis and it is so that the key objective of root canal therapy has been the elimination or reductionof microorganisms in root canal system and dentinal tubules with irrigationand debridment, this experimentalinvitro study was done to compare the ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTs of three Iranian intracanal irrigants: 2.6% Sodium hypochlorite (A), 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate (B), 1%Bethadine(C), on infected dentinal tubules infectedwith two pathogenic and resistant microorganisms. Materials and Method: The smear layer of 105 prepared specimens was first removed, subsequently all specimens were infected with two known bacterial isolates;candida albicans(Fungi)and Actinomyces israelii (bacterium). The infected specimens were exposed to the 3 aforementioned irrigants for periods of 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes. The existence or elimination of tubular infection was determined by incubation of dental specimensin test tubes containing Brain and heart infusion broth (BHI). If turbiditywas observed, the degree of it would be measured by comparison to McFarland"s tubes; then we culturedtarget organisms on the surfaces of Sabourd"s Dextrose agar (SDA), and Brain and heart agar (BHI)to countthe colony forming units (CFU/ml) of candidal yeasts, and candida with Actinomyces microorganisms respectively. Results: The results of this study indicate that 100%of the specimensof positive control group (placed in strerile saline) showed positive response after culturing. All three irrigantswere more EFFECTive than saline in eliminating tubular infection with test microorganisms. SolutionA was moreEFFECTivethan B and B was more EFFECTivethan C. In restriction of tubular infection with Candida-Actinoinfection,but solution B was more EFFECTive than A and A was more EFFECTive than C in decreasing the CFUs of candida infectionof tubules. To eliminate tubular infection with target microorganisms the irrigants must be used for at least 30 minutes. Conclusion: To eliminate tubular infection with resistant microorganisms like Actinomyces israelli.The best irrigant is sodium hypochlorite and for elimination of candida albicans. The best solution is chlorhexidine guloconate and the minimum time for EFFECTive disinfectionis 30 minutes.