Background: Rupture of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) would cause instability and disability and if left untreated. RECONSTRUCTION is performed by different techniques including patellar bone graft, as the strongest device. Application of brace after ACL RECONSTRUCTIONs has revealed doubtful results. Methods: One hundred ACL ruptured patients randomized into two groups were reconstructed with autogenous bonepatellar tendon-bone grafts followed for 12 months. Of these, only 50 patients used braces after operation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in range of motions, complications and quadriceps atrophy after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients with no braces returned to their job and had better work performance with less patellofemoral pain at the follow up visits (P<0.05). Conclusion The results of the present study are in favor of not using braces after ACL RECONSTRUCTION with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.

One of the popular orthopedic implants is utilizing fixation screws to fix ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) grafts and secure the graft into femur and tibia. Currently, these screws are made of titanium or bioabsorbable materials. In this respect, bioabsorbable screws were generated in order to overcome some of the potential problems caused by metallic screws. Although the bioabsorbable screws are susceptible to some drawbacks includingbone ingrowth features as well as good in vitro and in vivo mechanical properties. The biomechanical results of ACL screws showed that the ultimate failure loads and yield point loads varied from 800-1500 N and 600-1000 N, respectively. Moreover, the evaluations of in vivo degradation behaviorshowed the almost complete or fully complete resorption of ACL screws from 6 month to 2 years. However, it was proved that the addition of bone mineral phases such as Hydroxyapatite (HA), β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP), and Calcium Carbonate (CC) could enhance this degradation rate. Incorporation of biceramics into pure polymeric ACL screws may contribute to enhancing the osteogenesity of bone after full resoprption of screws, function as buffering agents that decrease the acidity of screw adjacents resulting from degradation of products, andimprovee the mechanical properties of ACL screws. In this paper, the latest bioabsorbable ACL screws which are currently available for graft fixation in orthopedic markets are discussed. A brief review of the literature regarding the physical, biological, and mechanical properties of bioabsorbable ACL screws was made. Besides, the insertion technique, various manufactured sizes, and in vitro and in vivo mechanical properties for each screw were addressed.

Background: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) is one of the main knee stabilizing LIGAMENTs. Because of high incidence of ACL tearing especially in young athletes its RECONSTRUCTION is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term results of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT ruptures using four strand hamstring auto graft and Bone patellar tendon autograph.Methods: The study group included 96 patients (3 female and 93 male) with ACL teared who had been referred to our center in 5 years period (2002-2007). The subject which were Accessed in this study included meniscal injury concomitant chondral injury, determine the most common cause of ACL tearing, comparision of IKDC and lysholm score in all patients before and after surgery, and limitation of rang ofmotion of knee  post operation. Results: Involvement was in the right knee in 38 patients and in the left knee in 58 patients. Mean age of patients was 27.6 years (19-48). Mean surgical delay was 18 month (1-77). The most common cause of tear was playing soccer. Meniscal injury was in 78 patients. (Medial meniscus in 63 patients, lateral meniscus in 29 patients) Concommitent chondral injury was in 54 patients (56.25%). 68% of patients returned to preoperative functions sport activity. There was no limitation in extension and there was 6 patients limitation in flexion about 20º. In last visit of patients IKDS in class A and B was 96. Conclusion: It is seem that arthroscopic RECONSTRUCTION of ACL is a safe and good method in treatment of Knee stability. Use of IKDC and lysholm score for comparision of patients before and after surgery is helpful. The operation should be done early after injury. RECONSTRUCTION of ACL in older patients in the abscense of DJD is effective.

Background and Aim: Knee in one of the commonest joints being injured in professional sports (specially football) and developed world, and accident being responsible for this. Injury to the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) is very common. It causes instability of the knee. Rehabilitation and RECONSTRUCTION of ACLs are the aims in active and athletic patients.Materials and Methods: RECONSTRUCTION of the ACL using bone patellar bone autograft is the gold standard In this study, we reviewed 400 patients who had knee arthroscopy. 22 patients with isolated ACL rupture were selected for RECONSTRUCTION of ACL using bone patella tendon autograft, and fixation with interference screws.Results: Good results such as: stability, decreased pain, good range of motion, and return to previous activity was achieved in most of the patients. Conclusion: Thus, it is recommended that in selected patients, who have symptomatic ACL deficient knee RECONSTRUCTION of ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT using BPB autograft being performed.

Background: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) is one of the major stabilizing LIGAMENTs of the knee. ACL RECONSTRUCTION usually has high success rate. The choice of graft in ACL RECONSTRUCTION has been a source of controversy. This study compares the outcome of two commonly used grafts.Methods: Seventy patients with ACL tear among the cases referring to training hospitals of Kerman, Iran from 2013 to 2015 were studied. The patients underwent RECONSTRUCTION, using, randomly, either the "four-fiber semitendinosus autograft" or "tibias ANTERIOR allograft". The Lysholm, IKDC, KOOS and SF36 scores were evaluated for comparing clinical stability examination, laxity, subjective satisfaction, and return to work before and after surgery. Results: The two groups were the same in term of age, range of motion, knee flexion, IKDC, KOOS, Lysholm scores as well as SF36. The LIGAMENT laxity did not show a significant difference either. The operative time was significantly different between two groups (p<.001).Conclusions: ACL RECONSTRUCTION with tibias ANTERIOR allograft has similar clinical, functional and stability results as semitendinosous autograft in a short time follow-up; although the operation time was shorter in allograft group.