Various methods of Kriging and nonlinear geostatistical methods considered as acceptable methods for resource and reserve estimations have characters such as the least estimation variance in their nature, and accurate results in the acceptable confidence levels range could be achieved if the required parameters for the estimation are determined accurately. If the determined parameters don't have the sufficient accuracy, 3-D geostatistical estimations will not be reliable any more, and by this, all the quantitative parameters of the mineral deposit (e.g. grade-tonnage variations) will be misinterpreted. One of the most significant parameters for 3-D geostatistical estimation is the ANISOTROPY ellipsoid. The ANISOTROPY ellipsoid is important for geostatistical estimations because it determines the samples in different directions required for accomplishing the estimation. The aim of this paper is to illustrate a more simple and time preserving analytical method that can apply geophysical or geochemical analysis data from the core-length of boreholes for modeling the ANISOTROPY ellipsoid. By this method which is based on the distribution of covariance clouds in a 3-D sampling space of a deposit, quantities, ratios, azimuth and plunge of the major-axis, semi-major axis and the minor-axis determine the ore-grade continuity within the deposit and finally the ANISOTROPY ellipsoid of the deposit will be constructed.

Thermomechanical control process steel produced by rolling has a significant ANISOTROPY. The elongated grains and inclusions formed during hot rolling of ferrite and low carbon HSLA steels directly influence the ANISOTROPY of the steel's mechanical properties as a result of microstructural ANISOTROPY. The present research deals with this ANISOTROPY, and particular attention has been paid to the tensile and Charpy V-notched behavior and microscopic properties. The mechanical response of a 25 mm thick rolled plate of S355N steel was characterized. The results of Charpy tests of V-notched specimens of the through-thickness direction were found to be considerably temperature-dependent and also to vary in the longitudinal and the transverse directions. Marked ANISOTROPY effects were observed, with the through-thickness orientation exhibiting a tensile response lower than that of the longitudinal and transverse ones. These experimental findings were rationalized using the correlation holding among inclusion distribution, reduction area percent, and banding of the microstructure.

Close-range Photogrammetry is widely used in industrial applications for measuring size, shape and deformation of objects. In industrial photogrammetry, circular targets are often utilized to increase the automation as well as the accuracy of measuring process. Edge based and area based methods can be applied for locating the centroid of these targets. In this paper, an improved ELLIPSE fitting technique is proposed to increase the accuracy and precision of determining centerlocation of the targets. Various tests including size, orientation and elongation under varying conditions are performed on both simulated and real targets to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method. Obtained results proved the higher accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with the other traditional methods.

«Strategic energy ELLIPSE» of geopolitical region includes Iran, the Persian Gulf, Sheikhs Emirates in the south, parts of Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia in the West, the Caspian Sea, south of Russia and some southern parts of Kazakhstan in the north and parts of Uzbekistan in the north east. More than seventy percent of proven oil reserves and more than forty percent of world natural gas reserves are in this region. The large diameter of oval area is along with the same axis which links Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf and it is in Iran. The Caspian-Persian Gulf axis with an emphasis on global change process is based on geopolitical changes in the international system in the framework of a New Cold War. Relationships between the two centers of geopolitical and world energy (Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea area) are strategically important and the global powers'' military and political competition to dominate this axis is basis for the new international changes. In this paper, New Great Game is a term that explains the competition between the regional and global powers in order to dominate on strategic energy ELLIPSE. The aim of this paper is to consider the New Great Game position in the strategic energy ELLIPSE, to analyze actors'' military and political competitions and recognize the geographical area in which the game exists. This study used descriptive-analytical methods and the inferential methodology has been used to reach the goals. Data have been collected using library and internet sources as well as news sources on the basis of objective-historical data.

Direct numerical simulation of the wake flow around and behind a planar ELLIPSE using a random vortex method is presented. Fluid is considered incompressible and the aspect ratios of ELLIPSE and the angles of attacks are varied. This geometry can be a logical prelude to the more complex geometries, but less time dependent experimental measurements are available to validate the numerical results. Therefore, the key figures of the averaged values of selected cases are chosen to check the accuracy of the results. Based on the results, the general behavior of the flow around an ELLIPSE at the zero angle of attack is almost similar to that around a circle. But, at the other angle of attacks, the asymmetry of the flow is dominant and pronounced clearly.

The Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt (ZFTB), a part of the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain, is an orogenic response to the ongoing northward convergence of the Arabian plate towards the Iranian micro continent. This young and active deforming belt located in western and southwestern Iran is a remarkable place to study the processes occurring in convergence zones during early stages of continent collisions. From northeast to southwest, the tectonic units of the Zagros collision zone consist of 1) the Uromieh- Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), 2) the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ), and 3) the ZFTB.Main Zagros Thrust (MZT), a suture between the Iranian and Arabian plates separates the ZFTB and SSZ units.Physical properties in an anisotropic media, in contrast to those in an isotropic media, depend on direction; that is, they vary as a function of orientation. Seismic ANISOTROPY occurs when seismic waves propagate faster in one direction than another. The presence of seismic ANISOTROPY in the upper mantle normally depends on the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of mineral crystals. Asthenospheric convection flow beneath continents and olivine mineral LPO are the main reasons for ANISOTROPY in this part of mantle.Olivine crystals, as a dominant mineral in the upper mantle, tend to align with the mantle convection. Models obtained for Earth ANISOTROPY show that ANISOTROPY has an axis of cylindrical symmetry. ANISOTROPY with a horizontal axis of symmetry is called Horizontal Transverse Isotropy (HTI). In such a medium, there is no ANISOTROPY in directions perpendicular to the symmetry axis.In this paper, azimuthal ANISOTROPY was studied in the upper mantle beneath a profile across the Zagros (Zagros profile) to a depth of 460 km using teleseismic P-wave relative residuals. Fifty-six teleseismic earthquakes were selected with epicentral distances between 30o and 90o and with magnitudes greater than 5.5. The data were corrected for the effect of crustal structure before inversion. Using P-residuals (residual spheres), attempts were first made to group 66 seismic stations along the Zagros profile, based on the directional dependence of the data. The stations were divided into seven groups, and rose diagrams were constructed for these data confirmed the result of residual spheres.It is necessary to note that when two rays propagate in opposite directions along the same ray path, it is expected that they have similar relative travel times. Thus, subtracting 180o from back-azimuths between 180o and 360o, they are mapped in back-azimuths between 0o and 180o and conduced to data augmentation. The relative residuals obtained were plotted related to back-azimuths beneath each station and then a 4-degree polynomial curve was fit to the data from tt=P0+P1q+P2q2+P3q3+P4q4, where tt is the arrival-time relative residuals (s), q is the back-azimuth (degree), and P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 are the curve coefficients for the 4-degree polynomial curve. The fast velocity direction is analogous to the minimum of relative residuals in the curve and vice versa; the maximum of the relative residuals is correlated with the slow axis of ANISOTROPY. The results indicate that the orogen-parallel fast velocity direction (NW-SE) in the upper mantle beneath Central Iran and the UDMA change to orogen-normal (NESW) beneath ZFTB and SSZ.

In this paper, two-dimensional natural convection heat transfer in semi ELLIPSE cavities is investigated using lattice Boltzmann method. The Prandtl number is taken as 0.71 that corresponds to that of air. Heat transfer and flow pattern are predicted at various Rayleigh numbers ranging from 104 to 106 for different aspect ratios. By increasing of the aspect ratio, the heat transfer rate in the cavity is increased for low Rayleigh numbers, but it is decreased for high Rayleigh numbers. The obtained results of the lattice Boltzmann method are validated with those presented in the literature and show that the lattice Boltzmann method can simulate heat transfer and flow pattern in complex cavities. Analysis of heat transfer in a semi-ELLIPSE cavity using second order boundary condition on curved surfaces is among the novelties of the present work.

ANISOTROPY of sand is mainly due to the geometrical arrangement of particles that ‎depends on the orientation of applied load respect to the bedding plane. It is ‎geologically due to micro-fabric created by the arrangement of the particles ‎configured during deposition. Most of the models developed using stress/strain ‎invariants are not capable of identifying this kind of ANISOTROPY. This is mainly ‎because stress/strain invariants are quantities not capable of carrying directional ‎information with them selves. The main objective of this paper is to outline a ‎methodology for modeling the elastic-plastic behavior of an inherently ANISOTROPY ‎arising form certain kind of plane of deposition. The constitutive equations of the ‎model are derived within the context of elastic behavior of the whole medium and ‎plastic sliding of interfaces of predefined multi-planes, following the framework of ‎working with six stress/strain components and not missing the directional effects. The ‎formulation incorporates explicitly the notion of the preferred direction, which defines ‎the orientation of the material fabric. The proposed multi-plane based model is ‎capable of predicting the behavior of soils on the basis of plastic sliding mechanisms, ‎elastic behavior of particles and possibilities to see the micro-fabric effects as natural ‎ANISOTROPY as well as induced ANISOTROPY in plasticity. The model is capable of ‎predicting the behavior of soil under different orientation of bedding plane, history of ‎strain progression during the application of any stress/strain paths. The influences of ‎rotation of the direction of principal stress and strain axes and induced ANISOTROPY are ‎included in a rational way without any additional hypotheses. The spatial strength ‎distribution at a location as an approximation of probable mobilized sliding ‎mechanism is proposed as a ellipsoid function built up on bedding plane‏.‏

Introduction: Structural and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Fe thin layer films on Si substrates have been reported. We present topography features of these nanostructures films by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Characterization of magnetic domains and walls between them can be performed by using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and alternating gradient field magnetometer (AGFM) instruments. The Fe thickness ranges from 50 to 150 nm. Our focus is to study systematically the effects of film thickness on magnetic ANISOTROPY in thin films grown on semiconductor substrates. MFM images reveal stripe domain structure for the 100nm thick Fe on Si as well as hysteresis curves. The effective ANISOTROPY shows oscillation for two types of Si substrates when the Fe films thickness increased.Aim: Our focus is to investigate systematically the effect of film thickness on magnetic hysteresis and effective ANISOTROPY, especially in thin films grown on semiconductors substrates. For revealing stripe domain structure of Fe/Si (100) and Fe/Si (111), we use MFM pictures as well as hysteresis curves.Material and method: Fe thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation. Iron ingots from a 99.99 % purified Fe powder evaporated using an electron gun. The deposited Fe layer thicknesses vary from 50 to 150 nm. The crystalline structure of the deposited structures, X-ray diffraction method was used for investigation of nanostructure. Magnetic properties were also measured with MFM and experimental hysteresis loops were obtained by AGFM unit.Results: For Fe layer with 50nm thickness, Fe on Si (100) and Si (111) substrates, the Fe grows with (110) texture and has a bcc structure. The coercive field measured for the Fe films is about 100Oe. The measured hysteresis loops show that the coercive field decreases while the saturation field increases and such uniaxial ANISOTROPY increases with increasing step density.Conclusion: Hysteresis diagrams show good ferromagnetic characteristics of these samples. The effective ANISOTROPY shows oscillation, for two substrates Si types, when the Fe films thickness increased.