Background: ANEMBRYONIC gestation (blighted ovum) is the most common identifiable pathology in the first trimester of PREGNANCY, always leads to miscarriage. Early PREGNANCY failures from blighted ovum are often due to chromosomal abnormalities and a poor quality of sperm or egg. Oxidative stresses as a factor of disturbance balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including mouth and throat cancer and cardiovascular disease. Catalase is one of the defensive systems against damages caused by oxidative stress in human. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of salivary catalase in women with blighted ovum and women with history of normal PREGNANCY.Methods: This case-control study was performed on 34 patient women with blighted ovum and 34 healthy women as a control group. The study was performed in biochemistry laboratory at the University of Guilan from October 2015 to July 2015.The age range was 20-44 years and 18-45 years in patient and control groups, respectively. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using spitting method.Catalase activity was measured by evaluating the constant rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in patient and control groups.Results: The patient group matched with healthy subjects in average age and having no other diseases history. The biochemical enzymatic assays indicate that the average catalase activities of saliva in patient and control groups were 14.47±3.8 and 16.42±3.48, respectively. Therefore, the catalase activity was significantly reduced in patient group as compared to the control group (P=0.03).Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of blighted ovum. Therefore, determination the activity of other antioxidant enzymes, in addition to catalse, may be used as a marker for diagnosis of blighted ovum. More studies with larger studied-population is recommended to confidently comment on the results of this study.

Objective: Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of early PREGNANCY. Numerous risk factors are associated with an increased risk of PREGNANCY loss: Advancing maternal age, previous spontaneous abortion, gravidity, prolonged ovulation to implantation, interval prolonged time to PREGNANCY, maternal weight and blighted ovum.A blighted ovum is characterized through ultrasound examination by the absence of an embryo in the gestational sac (ANEMBRYONIC PREGNANCY). One-third of the products of conception from spontaneous abortions occurring at or before 8 weeks of gestation are "blighted" or ANEMBRYONIC (i.e., no embryo or yolk sac is found in the gestational sac). Blighted or otherwise abnormal embryos may result from chromosomal abnormalities or exposure to teratogens. The earlier the gestational age at abortion, the higher the incidence of cytogenetic defects. Previous studies suggested that incidence of abnormal fetal karyotype is 90 percent in ANEMBRYONIC products of conception.Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of balanced translocation in 78 couples with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions by ultrasound diagnosed blighted ovum who were introduced to medical cytogenetic laboratory using high resolution G-banding technique.Results: Preliminary results indicated that the incidence of balanced rearrangement was not behind the 8% and the remaining (92%) appeared with normal karyotype, on the other hand consanguiety marriage appear to play an important role in ANEMBRYONIC PREGNANCY.Conclusion: With regard to relatively high incidence of balanced rearrangement in non-consanguineous couples with blighted ovum, it would be reasonable to suggest cytogenetic investigation in these cases.

Objective: To Evaluate PREGNANCY rate in synchronized dairy herd by Selectsynch procedure and PG.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Three hundred and seventy four dairy cows were randomly allocated to three groups: selectsynch, synchronized with PG and spontaneous heat.Procedure: All cows were cleaned at day 30 after parturition and allocated to the following groups: synchronization by select synch-insemination (n=139), synchronization by PG-insemination (n=125) and natural heat-insemination (n=110). PREGNANCY was diagnosed at days 42-50 after insemination.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test.Results: For these methods PREGNANCY rate were54 percent, 44.8 percent and 46.4 percent, respectively. Moreover there were not any significant difference among them.Clinical implications: Since selectsynch made an acceptable PREGNANCY, it can be recommended for dairy herds.

Spontaneous quadruplet is rarely seen. Quadruplet PREGNANCY is accompanied with severe complications such as; abortion, premature Our patient was a 29- year old lady with history of first PREGNANCY twin that was aborted. In the second PREGNANCY at three months of gestation sonography showed quadruplet PREGNANCY so cerclage was performed for the patient. At 26 weeks gestation she was admitted to Alzahra hospital with diagnosed premature labor at 29 weeks plus 2 days of gestation the PREGNANCY was terminated by cesarean section, 4 newborns 2 healthy girls and one boy and the second boy expired after 24 hours due to RDS.

Background: PREGNANCY luteoma is a rare non neoplastic condition of the ovary. It is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally during imaging in PREGNANCY or during cesarean section. PREGNANCY luteoma can also occur after ectopic PREGNANCY.Case Presentation: A 30 year old female presented to G.B. Pant Hospital, Andaman and Nicobar Islands institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair in October 2015 with abdominal pain. After initial investigations, exploratory laporotomy was done for ruptured ectopic PREGNANCY. Enlarged ovary was removed along with the ruptured portion of fallopian tube. Histopathological examination revealed solid aggregates of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; diagnosis of PREGNANCY luteoma was given.Conclusion: It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses in pregnant females that early diagnosis of this entity may avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

Background: It is estimated that 15 million births occur every year to adolescents. This represents about 11%of all births each year. The global average rate of births per 1000 females aged 15-19 years is 65. A range of social, cultural, biological and service delivery factors contribute to the high levels of adolescent PREGNANCY and childbirth.This study was conducted to determine the causes of adolescent PREGNANCY.Materials and Methods: By searching more than 35 related articles in WHO, Google, Science direct and Pubmed, reference books and by using key words of PREGNANCY, Adolescens, factors contributing this study had been done.Results: The study showed that pregnant teenagers are involved in causes that include: 1. Declining age of menarche, 2. longer periods of education and delayed marriage for some course and delayed marriage adolescents, 3. forced early marriage and PREGNANCY, 4. initiation of sexual activity during Adolescence, 5. sexual coercion and rape, 6. education level, 7. socio-economic factors, 8. other risk behaviors, 9. lack of knowledge and 10. lack of access to service centers are.Conclusion: Considering that approximately 21% of Iran's population (15 million) are young and High risk behavior such as early and unprotected sexual activity, alcohol use, smoking and drug addiction among teenagers is rising, a quick Planning and precise and serious policy in this area seems necessary.

Hydatidiform moles are abnormal gestations characterized by the presence of hydropic changes affecting some or all of the placental villi. Hydatidiform moles arise as a result of the fertilization of an abnormal ovum. In this report, the patient was a 29 year old Asian woman who had induction of ovulation with letrozol. Since the majority of molar gestations arise within the uterine cavity thus the occurrence of a hydatidiform mole within ectopic gestational tissue is rare. It is important to differentiate a hydatidiform mole from a conventional ectopic PREGNANCY, particularly in infertile women who have a history of ovulation induction. 

Heterotopic PREGNANCY is a rare form of PREGNANCY and could accompany with maternal mortality and morbidity. Most of the cases have a history of assisted reproductive technology or other risk factors like history of ectopic PREGNANCY and pelvic inflammatory disease. In this article we report a case of heterotopic PREGNANCY in a 39 year old woman with spontaneous PREGNANCY and without any risk factor whose heterotopic PREGNANCY diagnosed before rupture of ectopic PREGNANCY and surgery.