In this work, reactive absorption of gases in aqueous electrolyte solutions has been investigated resulting in the development of a procedure in order to calculate the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase. Two duplicate experiments were conducted to investigate simultaneous reactive absorption of AMMONIA and carbon dioxide in partially carbonated AMMONIA solutions. The experiments were carried out employing an absorption pilot plant. The compositions of the electrolytes (AMMONIA and carbon dioxide groups) have been determined using principle knowledge of electrolyte solutions. The results revealed that the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase drastically influence the absorption rates of AMMONIA and carbon dioxide.

Risk assessment of probable hazards, is one of the major stages for upgrading safety level of existent process or a process in design phase. Risk assessment is a method for deciding is safety upgrading of a unit economical or not. In developed countries, risk assessment is essential for process unit. In this paper in order to introduce risk assessment, its implementation steps such as hazard identification, consequence modeling and risk calculation method such as risk matrix and F-N curve have been discussed. Consequence modeling of hazards such as fire, explosion and toxic releases, which may occur due to human error or failure of equipment, is an important stage of risk assessment that nowadays carried out by computer softwares. At last, a case study of risk assessment has been studied for AMMONIA storage tanks of a petrochemical complex by using software PHAST for consequence modeling.

Objective Perinatal asphyxia may result in hypoxic damage in various body organs, especially in the central nervous system. It could induce cascade of biochemical events leading to the cell death and metabolic changes, eventually may increase plasma AMMONIA levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyperammonemia in neonates with asphyxia and to find the relationship between AMMONIA levels and severity of asphyxia.Material & Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 100 neonates with perinatal asphyxia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Ali-Asghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran in 2010-2011. All full term patients diagnosed of asphyxia were enrolled. The relationship between plasma AMMONIA levels and sex, gestational age, birth weight and severity of asphyxia were determined.Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results Fifty six percent of neonates were male. The mean gestational age was 38.0 ± 1.2 wk. Mean plasma AMMONIA level was 222 ± 100 mg/dl and 20% of the neonates had hyperammonemia. It was not associated with gender, gestational age, birth weight, and asphyxia severity. Six patients died and mean plasma AMMONIA levels was 206±122 mg/dl. In this group, there was no significant relation between plasma AMMONIA levels and severity of asphyxia. No significant different was seen between plasma AMMONIA in dead and lived neonates.Conclusion According to high prevalence of hyperammonemia in neonatal asphyxia, measurement of plasma AMMONIA levels, is suggested to improve management of asphyxia.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes vascular wall damage and poor wound healing due to the excessive accumulation of glucose. Various investigations have been performed on increasing the diabetic wound healing rate. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of AMMONIA single-cell eukaryote extract in Zinex ointment compared to silver sulfadiazine ointment on increasing the diabetic wound closure rate. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 54 BALB/c transgenic mice. For type 2 diabetes induction, the animals were fed a high-fat diet for two weeks and followed by a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. The excisional wound was created using the excisional wound splinting model and a biopsy punch. For diabetic wound treatment, 10% AMMONIA extract in Zinex ointment and 1% silver sulfadiazine ointment were used every three days. Glucose and insulin serum levels were measured using a glucometer and an ELISA kit, respectively. Histopathological examinations were also performed using H&E methods. Results: Macroscopic observations indicated an increase in the wound closure rate in the AMMONIA extract group compared to the other groups. Also, histopathological results showed a significantly decreased inflammation and increased re-epithelialization in the AMMONIA extract treatment group compared to the silver sulfadiazine treatment and control groups. Conclusion: The results showed that AMMONIA extract in Zinex ointment could improve the closure rate and re-epithelialization in diabetic rat wounds through inflammation reduction.

In this article, three configurations of using compressor in absorption heat transformers are introduced and analyzed thermodynamically and compared with simple configuration of them. Water-lithium bromide, AMMONIA-lithium nitrate and AMMONIA sodium thiocyanate solutions are used as working fluid in these systems. The results show that systems using water-lithium bromide as working fluid have lower delivered heat temperature, higher minimum generator and evaporator temperatures and higher possibility of crystallization occurrence than systems using AMMONIA-lithium nitrate and AMMONIA sodium thiocyanate fluids as working fluid. In addition, the results show that using compressor in absorption heat transformers increase the temperature of delivered heat, decrease the minimum temperatures of absorber and generator and increase PER, ECOP especially at high absorber temperature. Compared to the systems using AMMONIA-lithium nitrate, the systems using AMMONIA sodium thiocyanate starts to perform at lower generator and evaporator temperatures and delivers heat at higher temperatures, but they have lower primary energy ratio and second low efficiency except at high absorber temperatures.