Hypercalcemia is a clinical condition characterized by elevated circulating serum calcium levels either due to raised parathyroid hormone in hyperparathyroidism or due to secondary causes of hypercalcemia without elevated parathyroid hormone levels. However, hyperthyroidism may occasionally present with incidentally detected hypercalcemia. We present a case of a 53-year-old woman with a previous history of an underlying thyroid disorder, now presented with features of hypercalcemia and mildly elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Her ultrasonography of the neck was suggestive of an intra-thyroidal parathyroid ADENOMA and it was localized as a tracer avid lesion within the thyroid gland on dual-phase 99m Tc-sestamibi planar scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT). However, a subsequent thyroid profile followed by 99m Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy showed a hot nodule in the thyroid gland which changed the diagnosis to a toxic thyroid ADENOMA. She was treated with radioactive iodine ablation and thyrotoxicosis resolved and the serum calcium levels normalized on her follow-up.

Background: The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is usually first suspected because of the finding of an elevated serum calcium concentration. The clinical presentation may be subtle and hypercalcemia may be mild. Single ADENOMAs account for most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. One of the atypical presentations includes normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Thyroid nodules come to clinical attention when noted by the patient, or as an incidental finding during the routine physical examination, or during a para clinical procedure. Ultrasound is also recommended for all patients to confirm the presence of nodularity. Fineneedle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is the most accurate method for evaluating thyroid nodules. Thyroid scintigraphy is used to determine the functional status of a nodule.Case report: In this study, we report a case of huge parathyroid ADENOMA and thyroid ADENOMA in the same time in a patient with nonspecific generalized body pain. Primary clinical and para clinical findings did not have any correlation with each other and could not guide us to the correct diagnosis.

Synchronous hurthle cell ADENOMA of thyroid and para thyroid ADENOMA is very rare .Here we dicuss a 46 year old woman who presented with a thyroid nodule. Thyroid function test was normal but she had mild hypercalcemia. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodule was done that it was suspicious to follicular neoplasm or follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer .Then the patient underwent thyroidectomy. In surgical specimen hurthle cell ADENOMA of thyroid and parathyroid ADENOMA was confirmed. Measurment of serum calcium is recommended in patients who are candidate for thyroid surgery.

Introduction: Basal cell ADENOMA (BCA) is a rare benign epithelial tumour of the salivary gland majorly involving the parotid gland, and rarely the submandibular gland. Case Report: We describe a rare case of BCA of the submandibular gland diagnosed preoperatively using fine needle aspiration cytology in a 60-year-old woman presenting with painless submandibular swelling. The surgery went uneventfully, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions: BCA can be accurately diagnosed only through histological observations due to its resemblance to various benign and malignant salivary and non-salivary gland tumours, which are difficult to biopsy.

Background:CD44 is a transmembranous proteoglycan,with a main role of cell adhesion to other cells and to extracellular matrix involved in the preservation of three‑dimensional structure of organs,Pleomorphic ADENOMA (PA) is a common benign salivary gland tumor,composed of myoepithelial and ductal components,Carcinoma ex‑PA (CXPA) is malignant transformation of the epithelial elements in PA,The aim of this study was to evaluate CD44 expression by immunohistochemistry in these two tumors and normal salivary gland near these tumors,Materials and Methods:In this cross‑sectional immunohistochemical study,40 paraffin blocks (formalin fixed,paraffin embedded) with thirty belonging to PA and ten blocks of CXPA and 18 paraffinized blocks of normal salivary glands’tissue adjacent to tumoral tissue (13 in the vicinity of PA and 5 in the vicinity of CXPA) were selected,Immunohistochemical expression of CD44 was observed and compared with each other,For data analysis,we used Chi‑square,Kruskal–Wallis,and Mann–Whitney tests and the quantity of P values was considered 0,05,Results:There was a significant difference in CD44 expression frequency between PA,CXPA,and normal salivary glands with higher expression noted in CXPA,Furthermore,expression frequency of CD44 in adjacent normal salivary gland of CXPA was significantly higher than PA,There was no significant difference in the expression of CD44 with respect to lymph node metastasis,Conclusion:Higher expression of CD44 in CXPA might illustrate CD44’s role in malignant transformation of PA,

Dear Editor: Salivary gland tumors consist of about 3% of all head and neck tumors. Benign tumors (mainly pleomorphic ADENOMA) are the most common type. About 80% of them occur in the parotid glands. Carcinomas are rare and more common in the smaller salivary glands. Benign salivary gland tumors rarely develop in the jaw bones. They arise from either the ectopic salivary tissue or minor salivary glands that are implanted in the bones. Ex pleomorphic ADENOMAs within the mandible are extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported to date.