Background: While organ transplantation is a common surgical procedure worldwide, it is yet well-examined how the recipients of newly-transplanted organs adapt and accept a new organ from another body. ADAPTATION and acceptance of a vital organ from another person is a complex phenomenon, and medical staff needs to delve into this issue to provide appropriate care. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the transplant recipients’ experiences of ADAPTATION to the transplanted organ. Method: A qualitative research design with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted by one of the authors (Z. S. ) in different locations across Iran. The purposive samplingmethod was used to select 20 transplant recipients (n = 4 kidney transplantation; n = 10 heart transplantation; n = 4 liver transplantations; and n= 2 blood transfusion). Results: The constitutive pattern emerged from the data was ‘ Psychological ADAPTATION to transplanted organ’ , with three themes (namely ‘ Alien organ, ’ ‘ Ensure of being the patch of togetherness, ’ and ‘ Durability of new organ in body’ ) and several sub-themes. Conclusions: According to the organ recipients’ experiences, it takes time for the recipients to accept another person’ s organ as their own. The transplant team members need to openly and proactively discuss the many psychological and spiritual issues to which the newly-transplanted organ recipients are exposed to facilitate the ADAPTATION and acceptance of the new organs.

This research traces the changes made to Shakespeare’, s Hamlet by The Simpsons through a medium different from literature. In one part of The Simpsons, a TV series with global popularity, a short ADAPTATION of Hamlet is presented. In this paper, the series is examined to understand how the medium employs Hamlet to criticize the American life style. This study investigates the transition from canonical literature to popular culture and adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to study the interactions of literature and media. First, the generic conventions of The Simpsons and the history of its characters will be explained, and then the questions posed by Linda Hutcheon in ADAPTATION studies will be addressed. This research indicates that the ADAPTATION of Hamlet in The Simpsons, on the one hand parodies the highbrow culture and canonical literature, and on the other hand criticizes the stereotypes of the American nuclear family through exaggerated humor. Cultural critics in the United States have critiqued The Simpsons’,ideological content but in Iran, animations have rarely received critical attention. This article will investigate how The Simpsons have responded to high culture through double ADAPTATION.

Objective: To adapt and normalize the California Critical Thinking Skills Test for university students in the city of Tehran.Method: After the translation and a primary execution of the test, the revised form was completed by 1000 students selected using convenience sampling from the five majors of medicine, humanities, technical and engineering sciences, art and basic sciences. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, Pearson's two-tailed correlation coefficient, Z and t percentage scores for the three skills of evaluation, inference, and analysis; total score based on sexuality for each of the educational groups and the total students were used as well as internal consistency tests (Cronbach's alpha and split-half).Results: The internal consistency of the adapted test was 0.78 using split-half method, and 0.79, 0.75, 0.91, and 0.83 using Cronbach's alpha, for evaluation, analysis, inference and total skills respectively. In addition, the mean scores of critical thought in students of all majors in the universities of Tehran were significantly lower than that of a number of American universities.Conclusion: The validity of the adapted version of the test was acceptable and its norms have been calculated and provided for students in Tehran.

Two distinct redistribution grids – ADAPTATION techniques, spring analogy and elliptic grid generator are applied to two-dimensional steady, inviscid, shocked flows, and the ability of each technique is examined and compared. Euler equations are solved base on Roe’s Reimann solver approach to simulate supersonic flow around a sphere, transonic flow about an airfoil and supersonic flow in a symmetric diffuser. In redistribution method using spring analogy, the movement of grid points was controlled by forces analogous to tensional and torsional spring forces set between grid points. In elliptic grid generation, the body fitted coordinate were used based on arc length of the grid lines. It is shown that the use of arc length in grid lines instead of the length of straight lines between grids which were used by other, produces better results in one-direction, but introduces some skewness problem in the generated grids for in both directions. The results show that when expansion or shock waves are only along one direction of the curvilinear coordinate, the use of elliptic equations to produce adapted grid base on the arc length of the grid lines is suitable and produces good results. Specially, it is most suitable when the elliptic equations and flow equations are solved simultaneously. The ability of the adapted grid technique depends upon the flow configurations. For example for flow over a sphere, both techniques provide good results, but for flow over an airfoil, the spring adaptive technique introduces better results. Also, the elliptic grid generator is more suitable for complex flows.

Introduction. Nursing research activities have a growing trend. Data collecting by a questionnaire is one of the important stages of research. Up to now, lots of questionnaires have been developed in today’s world languages and been used in different countries. The questionnaires usually are translated or developed individually as needed and still some researchers do not believe in acceptance of standard guideline about translation process. Research tools psychometric experts; frequently insist on a correct translation process of questionnaires and by not paying attention to this important issue, internal and external findings couldn’t be compared with each other. Attainment of consensus standards for proper translation, enhance the translation quality of tools and cause to increase the cooperation and partnership between researchers from different cultures and improve the common results. Researchers and questionnaire designers have taken many steps in translation and cultural ADAPTATION of questionnaire. The goal of this article was to introduce important steps of translation process based on maintaining the cultural equivalences. Conclusion. The quality of an instrument used in cross-cultural research is expected to vary with quality of the translation method in different researches. Therefore, there is a need for consensus among researchers in how to achieve the quality of instrument translation. 

The aim of the present study ADAPTATION and standardization of intelligence test Cattell for students 14-8 SalhY City Azar is. The research from the perspective of purpose, functional and in terms of data collection descriptive survey. The sample consisted of students in grades two elementary schools, eight elementary schools in Azarshahr in the academic year 1395-1394 a total of 562 recreational them as the sample using sampling stratified ratios were selected and Tools the AstfadhY research, intelligence test teenagers Cattell form B, and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha 84/0 respectively and its validity through confirmatory factor analysis was that all fit index and the model was confirmed. The results of this study showed that the test validity and reliability is desirable. The significance tests based on different ages using one-way ANOVA and the interaction of gender and grade by Two-way ANOVA examined the results of which showed a broadly significant difference between the groups. And the software for intelligence test Cattell on the basis of IQ deviation (15=Sd and 100 M=) is calculated and set.

The definition of "education" Has been considered from the past by the education scholars. The present paper will focus on the concept of education and provides a new definition of education based on a descriptive–analytical methodology and has sought to explain the balance of the applicability of the concept of education on the concept of the "movement in philosophy". Firstly lexical meanings of the word "education" in three languages, namely, Arabic, Persian and English are taken into consideration. In doing so, I tried to find single meaning of this term in Arabic. The next part of the research noticed specialized terminology of the education. Then I classified definitions and explained two types of methodology to define the term "education". The definition adopted is the one that sees education as gradual change and development over time as the main elements to pose the hypothesis to match concept of the education on concept of the movement in philosophy. Then it was matched to six original elements of the movement in philosophy to the concept of the education. At the end, the final definition of education is proposed.

Introduction: Type II diabetes, as a chronic disease with various side-effects, can challenge the psychosocial ADAPTATION of patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of an educational program based on Roy’s ADAPTATION model on the psychosocial ADAPTATION of type II diabetic patients in Birjand, Iran in 2013.Methodology: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 patients with type II diabetes, aged 30-70 years, were selected via convenience sampling among patients referred to a diabetes clinic in Birjand. The subjects were assigned to the intervention and control groups via block randomization. First, the demographic form and psychosocial adjustment to illness scale (PAIS) were completed by the two groups. In addition, Roy’s assessment form was completed by the intervention group. The maladaptive behaviors of patients were determined and the program curriculum was designed. Group training was carried out in eight sessions, while face-to-face training was performed in two sessions. The patients were followed-up for one month via phone calls. For data analysis, independent t-test, paired t-test, and covariance analysis were performed, using SPSS version 15.Results: Following the intervention, there was a significant decline in the mean scores of all domains of psychosocial ADAPTATION, i.e., disease perception, vocational environment, domestic environment, family relations, social environment, and psychological distress (P<0.05), with the exception of sexual relationship (P=0.66). In the control group, only the mean score of domestic environment significantly increased after the study, compared to the baseline (P=0.002).Conclusion: The present results indicated the major positive impact of training based on Roy’s ADAPTATION model on type II diabetic patients. In fact, given the changing condition of diabetes, improvement of different aspects of psychosocial ADAPTATION can result in the management of maladaptive behaviors and improvement of patient ADAPTATION. Regarding the cost-effective and non-invasive design of Roy’s ADAPTATION model, it can be incorporated as an effective tool for the analysis of type II diabetic patients.