The aim of the present study was to examine one of the suprasegmental features called syllabic prominence in Isfahani ACCENT. In order to achieve this goal, the effect of variables of base frequency, intensity and duration in creation of syllabic prominence has been investigated. In order to do this study, eighteen standard Persian words were selected in a way that all six simple vowels (three short vowels and three long vowels) were in the same consonant proximity in all three initial, middle and final positions of the words. Then these words have been pronounced twice,alone and again in the form of a carrier sentence by eleven native speakers of Isfahani who were in the age group of 40 to 50 years. The speakers' voices were recorded by a SONY Model X recorder and then audiologically fragmented in Pratt software, the values of each variable were extracted and statistically analyzed in SPSS software. The findings of this study showed that in the Isfahani ACCENT, the place of base frequency in the words of two and three syllables was first syllable, the place of duration was last syllable, and the place of intensity was before the last syllable. Comparison between two levels of word and sentence showed that there was no significant difference in the variables of basic frequency and intensity, but the variable of duration was more at the level of word than the level of sentence.

The local ACCENTs in Arabic countries often get attention and care of both Arab and western researchers in the field of linguistics. Whenever these studies are advanced, some significant issues are clarified. We are certain that the contemporary ACCENTs possess some traditional factors used in ACCENTs before the advent of Islam. Although new ACCENTs due to their advancements in different environment have caused distances and a bit alienation and even adopted some of the local features, they could preserve many of the characteristics of the traditional Arabic language. Khuzestani Arabic ACCENT is one which is close to the eloquent Arabic and it keeps intact some grammatical, syntactic, phonetic characteristics of the traditional Arabic. But, unfortunately, this ACCENT was not of great attention to new researchers except for some weak and random studies. In this field study in Khuzestan, we focused on the local ACCENT of Arabs in this province. Also, we studied phonetics and syntax, and focused on the etymology of these factors in traditional Arabic ACCENTs and then, highlighted it through examples and similarities from Qur’an. The paper concludes that many of the elements are close to the Qur’anic elements and all these findings are reasons to this ACCENT's originality.

Foreign ACCENT Syndrome (FAS) is a rare speech disorder that occurs as a consequence of the left hemisphere lesions. This syndrome is usually manifested by a combination of segmental and supra segmental deviations in production. Despite the segmental difficulties, prosodic errors often are considered as the main feature of Foreign ACCENT Syndrome. In this article, we report a case of a fifty three years old Persian – speaker woman who presents, in marked degree, with the characteristic features of FAS as a result of a stroke. To our knowledge, she is the first reported case of this syndrome in Iran. The suprasegmental features of this patient were analyzed by Praat Software (Version 4.1.9.) and were compared with the speech characteristics of Persian normal speakers. The results, in accordance with the previous findings, confirm major deviations in the prosodic aspects of stress, rate of speech and junctures in the patient's speech.

Acoustic Analysis of The Vowels [æ , i, o] in Kermanian ACCENT Vahideh Abolhasanizadeh[1] Maryam Abdolalizadeh[2] Reception: 2012/11/12 Acceptance: 2014/6/27 The aim of this article is the study of vowel reduction in Kermanian ACCENT, and comparing it with the standard ACCENT. Vowel reduction is a phenomenon in which an unstressed vowel undergoes changes and tends to be close to the other vowels and it happens in unstressed syllables. In order to investigate vowel reduction in Kermanian ACCENT, six male speakers of Persain language with an average age of twenty three and standard deviation of 3. 08 were chosen to participate in this study. Three of the speakers were of Kermanian ACCENT and the other three were of standard ACCENT. The research data consists of twelve words which were placed in interrogative and declarative sentenceS, in stressed and unstressed syllables and in the form of Kermanian and standard ACCENT. The speakers were recorded in the acoustic room of Linguistic Department of Sharif University, using a Shure microphone and PRAAT software. Then, the amount of duration, and first, second and third formants, fundamental frequency and center of gravity were measured for each studying vowel. The results show that duration, energy and fundamental frequency of these vowels in Kermanian ACCENT is less than that in standard ACCENT. Also, the results of analyzing first and second formants confirm the claim that the vowels[æ , i, o] in Kermanian ACCENT tend to the center. This kind of vowel reduction in Kermanian ACCENT is called centripetal reduction.

1. INTRODUCTION Protecting local culture has expanded in different forms in contemporary literature and has developed a new literary genre called postcolonial literature. Indigenization of English language and its appropriation with language and culture of the former colonial countries is one of the characteristics of postcolonial writing that immigrant authors also enjoy in writing from their experiences in diaspora and transferring their local culture which results in linguistic creativities. One of these creativities is appropriation which is an important component of Postcolonial studies. It is a process which reconstitutes the language of the center to express the ‘ differing cultural experiences’ (Ashcroft et al, 2002, p. 38). It seizes the language of the center and replaces it in ‘ a discourse fully adapted to the colonized place’ (p. 37). Zabus (2007) also considers appropriation as conscious strategies of decolonization where ‘ writing with an ACCENT’ serves to convey ideological variance. Sometimes the English language is unconsciously appropriated by the non-native users. Joseph (2006) believed that a language undergoes a change because of the interference of mother tongue with its inherent resistance. Thus, when a writer from a non-native country would produce something in English, there must be some changes under the influence of their mother tongue. 2. METHOD There are different strategies of appropriation that result in varieties of English language. Some postcolonial writers mixed the linguistic structures of two languages making an ‘ inter-culture’ (as cited in Ashcroft et al, 2002, p. 66). Kachru (1983) and Ashcroft et al. (2002) identify at least nine language appropriation strategies: The first strategy in appropriation technique is termed as glossing, it is an explanatory comment affixed to a text. It can be a word, a sentence, or a clause, characterizing the non-English word. The second strategy is the incorporation of untranslated words or leaving words un-glossed, it aims to keep the cultural uniqueness intact. The third one is termed as syntactic fusion, which is the amalgamation of two different linguistic structures, resulting in mixing the syntax of native language with the lexical forms of English, or vice versa. Fourthly, the usage of translation equivalence permits the writer to incorporate the local opinions and insights into a foreign language. In lexical innovation the words are borrowed from local languages and incorporated into the new English. The post-colonial writers use it as a means to describe new experiences, sounds and tastes they come across. Contextual redefinition provides a way to introduce new vocabulary words. The author adopts a new context that is too remote from the English-speaking world to have the same definitions for all the terms. Inter language strategy refers to the entrance of texts, rhythms or sounds related to the writers` mother tongue to the postcolonial writing which shows his/her creativity and interest to the mother tongue. Rhetoric and functional style appropriation strategy deals with changing in different text types and finally, code switching is the technique of moving between two or more codes to bring variation in the ways of expression. Considering the important role of the linguistic appropriation strategy in producing postcolonial literature, this descriptive-analytical study was done in accordance with Kachru (1983) and Ashcroft et al. (2002) framework on postcolonial writing, with an aim of looking for elaboration of linguistic appropriations in the English series of stories Laughing without ACCENT by Jzayeri Duma and its translation by Mo`takef. Duma is an Iranian immigrant writer who has already published two successful series of stories in America which have been translated into different languages all around the world and they have been translated into Persian too. In her stories, Duma depicted her Persian family life in America for the American readers and helped them to know about the minority of Iranian immigrants living in America through her lens of humorous writing. 3. RESULTS Studying Duma`s series, this study looked for answering the following questions: can the English text of the stories be analyzed from a postcolonial point of view according to linguistic appropriation theory? What strategies did the author use to make linguistic appropriations and create a postcolonial work? Were the linguistic appropriations transferred to Persian translation of the stories too? The results of the study showed that the author used glossing, un-translated words, contextual redefinition and inter language and code-switching appropriation strategies in her stories and created a postcolonial text. This study also showed that some of these strategies like glossing and inter language appropriations were left in the translation of the stories, but the rest of them were not transferred and faded away in the process of translation. Inter-language appropriations entered the English pronunciation of the words and glossing made some cultural elements of English language enter the Persian text.

In many countries around the world, governments follow policies and supportive strategies in order to control the economic, social, and cultural issues such as reducing poverty and injustice, increasing economic situation, and pursuing developmental plans. Iran, as a developing country, needs supportive plans for its development, which actually is noted in the third, twenty ninth, and forty third principles of constitution aiming to reduce poverty and establish economic independence. Moreover, factors of resistance economy for encouraging production and employment, economic prosperity and welfare, and democratizing economy are noted as well. Subsidy is one of the tools and supportive strategies to improve public earning and welfare. Subsidy can have an effective role in wealth distribution. If the economic situation improves, it can increase public trust and satisfaction in the government, thus having a positive impact on the social capital. Considering the significance of social capital and other related factors, this study tries to investigate the effect of supportive policies on social capital from 1996 to 2017. The data analysis is done through autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The results show that there is a positive relationship between the government’ s support and expenditure in health, housing, and subsidy with social capital. There is, however, a negative relationship between government’ s support in social security and education with social capital.

In this research, letters have been considered as a remarkable subject in Targhy ACCENT of Rajy Dialect, concentrating on Targhy special cases, and thus, numerous sentences have been selected in a completely random manner from the speeches of Targhrood (Natanz-Isfahan) speakers, and their letters have been analyzed. firstly, some prefaces have been stated and secondly, the researcher has presented the background of Rajy and Targhy. Then, the main subject has been discussed and some Targhy special prepositions have been introduced and explained. Afterwards, situation of letters, structure and omission have been considered in Targhy sentences and finally, it led to the conclusion of presented information. The research achievements are: using some simple and compound prepositions considerable because of their situation, structure, application, and specialities in Targhy sentences, and their entrance in Targhy speakers' speech,categorizing prepositions used in Targhy sentences, based on their situation in sentences (according to complement) to frontal and latter, anterior and posterior, and mutual (separable by complement),remarkable similarity of Targhy and Farsi conjuctions, based on their type and application, and the vagueness of their situation in some sentences,categorizing letters used in Targhy sentences structurally to simple and compound (separable/ inseparable),noticeable frequency and variety of letters omission in Targhy sentences versus Farsi ones, and transferring this process to Farsi of Targhy speakers’,speech,omission of the object sign ‘, rä, ’,in all of Targhy sentences,high-frequency omission of all or some parts of prepositions,remarkable similarity of conjuctions omission pattern between Targhy and Farsi sentences.

This study aimed at investigating the impact of utilizing CALL on EFL learners' foreign ACCENT reduction. To this end, 62 participants out of 100 undergraduate freshman English students at Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch were selected based on a piloted sample PET and a text-to-read. The selected participants were then nonrandomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, each containing 31 participants. The control group followed teacher instruction on pronunciation (Focus on Pronunciation 2 book and its CD). However, the experimental group received pronunciation instruction through CALL including the use of ACCENT reduction software (Pronunciation Power 2) both inside and outside the class and e-learning by means of conducting group chats via Skype, receiving feedback by email, and doing some online exercises to practice pronunciation. Reaching the end of the semester, both groups took a posttest through the speaking section of the PET and a text-to-read. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group significantly performed better on the posttest following the utilization of CALL applications.