The effectiveness of an enzymatic cocktail, collagenase and trypsin, on the ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION of ileal segment was studied to evaluate the changes within groups after performing ileocystoplasty in an animal model. Twenty-one female mixed-bred Persian dogs were randomized into 7 groups. The groups included: 1) negative control group (NCG) in which no ileocystoplasty was performed (n = 3); 2) positive control group (PCG) in which routine ileocystoplasty was performed (n = 3) and groups 3 to 7) those underwent ileocystoplasty with the ileal segment being treated with collagenase and trypsin for 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 min (groups, 5 minutes enzymatic treatment group (5METG), 10METG, 15METG, 20METG and 25METG; each containing three dogs). To perform the glucose absorption test, 50% dextrose was instilled into the bladder five weeks after surgery. The blood glucose level (BGL) was measured in each group before the study (T1), two weeks after the surgery in PCG and other treatment groups (T2), before anaesthesia (T3), after anaesthesia at 5-minute intervals up to 25 min (T4 to T9, respectively). There was no significant difference in BGL in T1 to T3 and T4 to T9 in 25METG and NCG, however, BGL was found significantly higher in T1 to T3 and T4 to T9 in PCG, 5METG, 10METG, 15METG and 20METG. It can be concluded that collagenase and trypsin can affect ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION of the neobladder and are able to reduce the ABSORPTIVE FUNCTION, particularly in early days after the surgery. Moreover, these results also confirm that 50% dextrose instilled into the neobladder and native urinary bladder will not increase BGL in 25METG and NCG even with increasing the time of exposure of neo- or native urinary bladder to enzymatic cocktail till 25 min.

In today’s changing environment, knowledge, and technology are the basis of competition, especially for knowledge-based organizations. These organizations need to apply new knowledge in order to fulfill their business goals. A part of this knowledge is derived from external resources. Hence, the ability to exploit external knowledge is a critical factor for the innovative capabilities of organizations.This ability is called “ABSORPTIVE capacity”, which has different levels from the individual level to national level in the literature. Considering the importance of the ABSORPTIVE capacity theory, this study attempts to analyze this concept with related theories. Therefore, some existing theories related to this concept such as learning, dynamic capabilities, innovation, strategic directions, knowledge-based view, managerial cognition, and co-existence theories are examined in this study and the relationship of these theories with ABSORPTIVE capacity is posed.

Introduction: ABSORPTIVE wells are one of the most common forms of onsite sanitation facilities in many developing countries. These latrines are suitable as a means of isolating human waste; however, conditions within pits often lead to nitrification of the contained waste. In areas with a near-surface aquifer, the potential for nitrate pollution arising from ABSORPTIVE wells cannot be ignored.Material and methods: In this study, Hypothetical aquifer was made, to gather relevant information about the ABSORPTIVE wells in use and the soil and groundwater underneath the Hypothetical aquifer. Modeling was then conducted to demonstrate the potential for nitrate pollution of the groundwater from the latrines in such settings. The depth from the bottom of the pits to the water table was considered as 5, 10 or 30 m, to represent the range of aquifer depths at the study sites. Nitrate half- lives ranging from 500 to 1500 days were considered, and time scales from 6 months to several years were modeled.Results and discussion: The results highlighted the high likelihood of nitrate pollution of groundwater reaching levels exceeding the World Health Organization guideline value for nitrate in drinking water of 50 mg/L after as short a period as two years for the aquifer situated 5 m below the pits, when considering moderate to long nitrate half- lives in the subsurface. Careful siting of latrines away from high water table areas, more frequent pit emptying, or switching to urine diversion toilets may be effective solutions to reduce nitrate passage from ABSORPTIVE wells into groundwater, although these solutions may not always be applicable, because of social, technical and economic constraints.Conclusion: The study highlights the need for more reliable data on the typical nitrate concentrations in ABSORPTIVE wells and the nitrate half- life in different subsurface conditions.

Introduction: In this study, a method for laboratory production of chemical ABSORPTIVE oxygen kits was studied (Some kinds of such kits are commercially available with names as Gas Pack system like Aerotest, Difco-Oxoid and etc). The main materials for this chemical package were iron powder, sodium carbonate and citric acid. These compounds should be mixed and homogenize in diatoms soil. Aim: production method of chemical ABSORPTIVE oxygen kits.Materials and Methods: After determination of suitable proportion of above mentioned components the products and their physical properties were studied by Gas chromatography (GC) and decoloration specific oxygen indicator in especial jar in every step to reach the suitable standards.Results: With changing of effective materials amounts in every step, the O2 concentration is decreased and the CO2 pressure is increased and finally, the most suitable ratio was obtained.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is possible to produce this kit as industrial product with high quality in Iran.

A characteristic of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights which are the most advantageous for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same scale, this paper proposes using a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach based on scalarizing FUNCTION for generating common set of weights under the DEA framework. This is an advantageous of the proposed approach against general approaches in the literature which are based on multiple objective nonlinear programming.

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary.Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA Class III and IV, LV ejection fraction (EF)£35%, QRS³120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II –receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic (Tissue Doppler Imaging), ECG and FUNCTION class (NYHA) were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after.Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% (21.10±7 vs. 27.93±8.4%, P<0.001). Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced (P<0.013). Interventricular mechanical delay reduced (53.83ms±18.45 vs. 26.53ms±13.90 P=0.000) and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced (62.53ms±25.08 vs. 45.55ms±13.47, P=0.000). Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group (+9.06%±7.3 vs. +4.08%±6.5, P=0.01).Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure.

Objective(s): To validate Persian version of the FSFI and to determine its diagnostic cut off score. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. To fill in the Persian version of the FSFI. In addition clinical interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist on DSM-4 criteria. Women divided in two age and educational matched groups: the control group (n=28) who have not sexual dysFUNCTION and the case group (n=53) who have sexual dysFUNCTION. Data were analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of two groups. Optimal cut off score determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The findings showed satisfactory results for full scale and each subscale with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.66 or above for sexually dysFUNCTIONal sample and 0.70 or above for sexually active sample. Discriminant validity confirmed the ability of both total and domain scores to differentiate between active and inactive women. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity analyses we found that the optimal cut off score was found to be 28 for differentiating women with and without sexual dysFUNCTION. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Iranian version of Female Sexual FUNCTION Index (FSFI) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sexual FUNCTION in women.