Objective (s): Postmenopausal women are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease because metabolic changes occur after menopause. This study was performed to compare the effects of two types of surgical and natural menopause on metabolic syndrome and its components 3 to 4 years before and after menopause.Methods: This was a retrospective study. Of 5191 women of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), 437 postmenopausal women aged 20-60 years were selected (373 natural menopause and 64 surgically menopause) and followed up for approximately 9 years. Data was collected using the TLGS questionnaires.Results: During the follow-up period, changes in metabolic and biochemical profiles were compared between surgically and natural menopause women. The incidences of metabolic syndrome in surgical menopause and natural menopause were 15.6 and 9.9% respectively at follow up period. The means systolic blood pressure and serum LDL levels in natural menopause were significantly higher than in surgically menopausal women.Conclusion: It seems the metabolic disorders associated with menopause differ in surgically and natural menopause women, with age being the most influential factor. Postmenopausal aging women should have regular checkups.

Background and Purpose: Women’s perception of menopause depends on cultural norms, social factors and individual knowledge of meanopause. Because of amny problems women face in this stage, the present study was designed to explore and interpret Iranian women’s experience of menopause. Methods and Materials: Fourteen menopause women, spending time for hobby in public parks, were interviewed for their clinical experience after having signed the informed consent for inclusion in the study. Open in-depth semi-structure interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed by Van Manen phenomenological method, and the study ended after data were saturated. Results: The most important clinical experience of women from menopause, which emerged from the study data, were the physiologic event and deprivation themes. Also, subthemes included natural process of creation, facing alertness, healing power of menses, youth and femininity, and a light perspective into the future, which helped describe and expand the main themes. Conclusion: Despite different attitudes toward menopause, women consider this phenomenon as natural; however, concerns and expectation of its complications can affect the quality of their life.

Background: Regarding adverse effects of sexual dysfunctional in mental health of the menopause women and their families, the evaluation and detecting related factors to sexual dysfunctional in this period seems to be essential.Methods: In this analytic-descriptive cross sectional study, 174 married menopause women referring to health centers to receive health care were concluded. The data were collected through interviews by Beck depression standard test and locally (self) made questionnaires like the questionnaire of demographic characteristic, sexual knowledge, quality of relations with the spouse, and sexual dysfunctional (based on DSM-IV). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, t-test, χ2 test and Mantel hanszel χ2 test all were used to analyze the data.Results: Our results showed that participant based variables such as: age, educational level, job, depression, sexual knowledge, and spouses’ relations quality as well as some other variables like husbands’ educational level, residing status, and economic status are associated with sexual dysfunction in menopausal period. The findings also showed that husband’s age, spouses’ age difference, husbands’ job, marriage length, wives’ weight, number of pregnancies and marriage status have no association with sexual dysfunctional in menopausal period.Conclusion: Hypoactive sexual disorder and sexual dysfunction can be affected by demographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders and lack of knowledge. Regarding to many psychological and community injuries caused by sexual dysfunctional, the role of health care professional in counseling and education is emphasized.