Background: Nowadays, circular training has become more common than traditional training in wrestling. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of 6 weeks of traditional and circular wrestling trainingonblood lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, and insulin concentrations in young male wrestlers. Methods: Twenty-seven young male wrestlers were randomly divided into 3 groups (ie, traditional wrestling training, circular wrestling training, and control groups) and performed interventions based on the group name for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from all subjects 48 hours before and 48 hours after the interventions and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Blood concentrations of lactate, LDH, glucose, and insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and suitable post hoc test. Results: Traditional training significantly increased plasma lactate concentrations of wrestlers (P = 0. 01) and had no significant effect on their serum LDH, insulin, and glucose concentrations (P > 0. 05). Circular training significantly increased plasma lactate (P = 0. 03) and serum insulin (P = 0. 004) concentrations and had no significant effect on serum LDH and glucose concentrations (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: These 2 types of training have a similar effect on the measured variables,however, it seems that circular training has a more significant effect on the measured variables than traditional training, which can probably be attributed to the use of more lactic energy resources and apparatus in circular training, which in turn can be used in preparation.

Background: In this study, we sought to understand the usefulness of salivary lactate dehydrogenase as a predictive marker for the development of radiation-induced mucositis. Methods: This was a prospective study with head and neck cancer patients who required curative radiotherapy (>60Gy). We collected patients’ saliva before the onset of radiation and after 2 Gy of radiation to assess lactate dehydrogenase levels. The patients received the stipulated oral and dental care. Data on incidence and severity of mucositis was collected using a preform sheet and oral mucositis assessment scale published by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group throughout the 7-week treatment period. Results: Salivary lactate dehydrogenase increased with exposure to radiation (P<0. 0001) and there was an observed association with mucositis severity (P<0. 0001; r = 0. 515). Conclusion: The present results have established, for the first time, that salivary lactate dehydrogenase could be a useful predictive marker to understand the development of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. The proximity of the oral cavity for regular observation and saliva collection is an added advantage.

Objective: Bacterial meningitis is still a life threatening epidemiological problem especially in many developing countries; considering its dire consequences, its prompt and accurate diagnosis has become a priority for clinicians. Because of the various limitations of conventionally used laboratory techniques, we evaluated and compared the diagnostic utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and its effectivity in distinguishing it from aseptic meningitis (AP). Material and Methods: A total of 125 pediatric cases, aged between 1 month and 12 years, including patients with bacterial meningitis (n=45), aseptic meningitis (n=42) and a control group (n=38), were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of data from the initial clinical examinations. Cultures, smears and other common serum and CSF indices were compared with serum and CSFCRP levels and LDH activity. Results: Compared with each of the other variables, there were significant differences in the mean values of serum-CRP, CSF-glucose, CSF-LDH and CSF/serum LDH ratio between the bacterial and aseptic meningitis groups (p<0.001). Of all the tests applied, the highest sensitivity (95%) and negative predictive value (95%) belonged to CSF-LDH activity and the most specific (100%) test with the highest positive predictive value (100%) was CSF-CRP titration as well as smear and culture. Combination of CSF-CRP serum-CRP, and CSFLDH yielded the highest sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value but the combined application of CSF-LDH and CSF-CRP proved to be the most specific and efficient.Conclusion: In the presence of a normal CRP titration and low glucose level in CSF, bacterial meningitis is excluded, whereas elevated level of CSF-LDH activity is a valid confirmatory predictor of BM. In addition, combination of these three tests with serum CRP is far more effective than the separate determination of any of these parameters.

lactate level being an important parameter is to be monitored in body regularly. During acute conditions it elevation may result in heart failure, hepatic disease, sepsis, tissue hypoxia and many more. A simple and sensitive biosensor has been fabricated by immobilizing lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. It was covalently immobilized on the nanocomposite based working electrode. The developed biosensor showed optimal response at pH 7. 5, temperature 30℃ , response time was 8s with the substrate concentration of 600 μ M, the oxidation peak was obtained at 0. 66 V which is at a low potential, Km and Imax values for newly fabricated biosensor were 66. 7 μ M and 153. 8 μ A respectively. It possessed lower detection limit of 0. 015 mM with storage stability of 3 months. A good correlation has been observed when developed method is compared with standard enzyme kit method proving reliability of the method. Blood samples were successfully screened for lactate concentration using working electrode. The newly developed biosensor is less time consuming, accurate, reliable, less costly, requires no sample pre-treatment, screen large number of samples, suitable for on field determination of lactate concentration and finally reusable due to covalently immobilized enzyme.