A study of various deficiencies observed in the process of pile carpet weaving in the Province of Kashan has revealed that the most important defects are: unevenness, crimpled sides and erroneous application of the cartoon. Improving weavers' skills will have a significant effect on reducing these defects.Therefore, weavers should be given educational advice on recognizing the capabilities of looms and other rug weaving equipment, the quality of raw materials and their harmonious use, the correct way of weaving flatwoven rugs, the manner of interlacing the wefts, and daftin-zadan (pounding an iron comb on the weft).

defects of neutrophil function and/or differentiation, defects of motility, defects of respiratory burst, and Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases could be classified as main diseases in the category of phagocytes defects. Severe congenital neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, glycogen storage disease type 1b, p14 deficiency, Barth syndrome, Cohen syndrome, and poikiloderma with neutropenia are primary immunodeficiency diseases with neutrophil function/differentiation defects. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD types I-III), Rac2 deficiency, b-actin deficiency, localized juvenile periodontitis, Papillon–Lefevre syndrome, specific granule deficiency, and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome are classified in group of motility defects. Chronic granulomatous disease (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4) is the prototype of defects of respiratory burst. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases predispose individuals to mycobacterium. Mutations in several gene loci have been detected for MSMD, including IL-12RB1, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, IL12B, STAT1, CYBB, IRF8, and ISG15. GATA2 deficiency, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis along with autosomal recessive form of IRF8 deficiency are other diseases that have been classified as phagocytes defects.

Residual ventricular septal defects (VSD) are major complications after cardiac surgery. We studied the incidence of this complication, risk factors for its occurrence and short-term follow-up in 179 pediatric patients that underwent surgical closure of VSD from April 2003 until May 2004. All data were gathered retrospectively except measurements of shunt ratio. Studied risk factors included age, sex, weight, height, ejection fraction, VSD size, presence of pulmonary stenosis (PS), responsible surgeon, use of patch material for closing VSD, mean degree of hypothermia, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times, hemorrhage, documented infection, and surgical approach for defect closure. The incidence of all residual VSDs was 56% and significant ones (i.e. with Qp/Qs>1.5) 22%. The only statistically significant risk factors were higher age, weigh and height of the patients. There was notable but statistically insignificant differences in residual shunt incidence among the patients of different surgeons and with the use of different patch materials. During the median follow-up period of 9.5 months, 35% of the residual defects were closed spontaneously. Six patients underwent catheterization, three of which were candidates of residual VSD closure. As residual VSD is a hemodynamically and psychologically important complication, we recommend VSD closure at lower age and the use of intraoperative epicardial or transesophageal echocardiography to minimize its occurrence.

One of the numerous methods recently employed to study the health of structures is the identification of anomaly in data obtained for the condition of the structure, e. g. the frequencies for the structural modes, stress, strain, displacement, speed, and acceleration) which are obtained and stored by various sensors. The methods of identification applied for anomalies attempt to discover and recognize patterns governing data which run in sharp contrast to the statistical population. In the case of data obtained from sensors, data appearing in contrast to others, i. e. outliers, may signal the occurrence of damage in the structure. The present research aims to employ computer algorithms to identify structural defects based on data gathered by sensors indicating structural conditions. The present research investigates the performance of various methods including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Manhattan Distance, Curve Fitting, and Box Plot in the identification of samples from damages in a case study using frequency values related to a cable-support bridge. Subsequent to the implementation of the methods in the datasets, it was shown that the ANN provided the optimal performance.

Holoprosencephaly is the most common embryonic brain defect. Foetuseswho survive during intrauterine life are born with varying grades of brain andfacial deformities. Extra craniofacial manifestations are common. Vertebralsegmentation defects are rarely seen with holoprosencephaly, mainly inassociation with holoprosencephaly diencephalic hamartoblastoma (HDH)association. A female infant was born at term by normal delivery. Birth headcircumference was below the 3rd percentile. Antenatal scan had showedmicrocephaly as the only abnormality. Physical examination revealedmicrocephaly, ocular hypotelorism, left ear skin tag and short neck. MRI of thebrain showed semilobar holoprosencephaly. Neck radiograph revealed grossvertebral segmentation defect involving cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae.She had initial feeding difficulties. She showed severe global developmentaldelay and had underlying central diabetes insipidus. Vertebral segmentationdefect is rare in holoprosencephaly.