Background: PRETERM children are at risk of deficits in language, including grammatical skills. The main purpose of this survey was to investigate whether Persian-speaking children born PRETERM differ in their morphosyntax ability compared to full-term children. Methods: Morphosyntactic performance was assessed in 86 Persian-speaking children (43 healthy PRETERM and 43 full-term children) aged 4 and 5 years using the Persian Developing Sentence Scoring (PDSS). Participants were matched for age, gender, and gestational age. Results: The healthy PRETERM children who participated in this study were significantly outperformed by the full-term children in the morphosyntactic evaluation (p<0. 05). Furthermore, their grammatical skills, based on PDSS, were not as developed as 4 to 5-year-old full-term children. Gender, in general, and gestational age had no effect on the PDSS scores of PRETERM children (p>0. 05). Conclusion: PRETERM children, regardless of gestational age, are at risk of morphosyntax impairments, which may not be recovered during the normal development. Therefore, grammatical evaluation and treatment seem to be necessary for these children.

Introduction: Anemia has effects on pregnancy outcome. Effect of maternal anemia on PRETERM labor poorly defined, and the association between anemia and PRETERM labor remain unclear. We have sought to determine whether maternal anemia during gestation is associated with PRETERM BIRTH or PPROM or not.Materials and Methods: All singleton live BIRTHs delivered at 28-42 weeks with at least one hemoglobin measure during pregnancy were included (n=40), risk of PRETERM BIRTH (<37 weeks) was examined by clinical subtypes, PRETERM premature rupture of membranes (PROM), spontaneous PRETERM labour and hemoglobin changes during 3 trimesters were assessed.Results: PRETERM BIRTH rates were 6.1% for anemic and 5% for non-anemic women (p<0.05). Hemoglobin values of 7 g/dl in the first trimester, compared with 11 g/dl, were associated with increased risk for PRETERM PROM. Low haemoglobin in the third trimester was associated with reduced risk of spontaneous PRETERM labour.Conclusion: Anemia in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk for PPROM, but anemia in late pregnancy was associated with reduced risk for spontaneous PRETERM labour.

Context: All over the the world, PRETERM BIRTH is a major cause of death and important neurodevelopmental disorders. Approximately 9.6% (12.9 million) BIRTHs worldwide are PRETERM.Evidence Acquisition: In this review, databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar and Iranian databases including Iranmedex, and SID were researched to review relevant literature. A comprehensive search was performed using combinations of various keywords.Results: Cerebral palsy especially spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, visual (retinopathy of prematurity) and hearing impairments are the main neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prematurity.Conclusions: The increased survival of PRETERM infants was not associated with lower complications. There is now increasing evidence of sustained adverse outcomes into school age and adolescence, for PRETERM infants.

chological factors to increase maternal corticotrophin-releasing factor to play an important role in PRETERM delivery.This study was conducted to determine the effect of prenatal anxiety on spontaneous PRETERM delivery and low BIRTH weight (LBW) in Babol, Northern Iran.Methods: 682 women with singleton pregnancies who were consecutively recruited between 20 and 28 weeks of gestation in Babol Health Care centers for prenatal care were enrolled. Women who had history of psychological and chronic diseases, pregnancy complications and taking medicine were excluded from the study. The gestational age was based on last menstrual period or ultrasound examination in first half of pregnancy. Anxiety was assessed using self-administered questionnaires: the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The women were considered as case group with anxiety score ³45.Results: The mean Spielberger state and trait anxiety in women with PRETERM delivery were respectively 42.7±10.8 and 52.9±3.9, but the mean Spielberger state and trait anxiety in women with term delivery were respectively 37.81±5.71 and 50.68±5.20. A significant association was found between scores for both Spielberger state anxiety and trait anxiety ³45 and PRETERM and LBW. A high score state anxiety (³45) was significantly associated with an increase in PRETERM delivery.Conclusion: Screening for mental and psychological disorders among women in regular prenatal care is recommended.