The objective of the present study was to compare single SEGMENT and double SEGMENT INTACS rings in the treatment of post-LASIK ectasia. In this interventional study, 26 eyes with post-LASIK ectasia were assessed. Ectasia was defined as progressive myopia regardless of astigmatism, along with topographic evidence of inferior steepening of the cornea after LASIK. We excluded those with a history of intraocular surgery, certain eye conditions and immune disorders, as well as monocular, pregnant and lactating patients. A total of 11 eyes had double ring and 15 eyes had single ring implantation. Visual and refractive outcomes were compared with preoperative values based on the number of implanted INTACS rings. Pre and postoperative spherical equivalent were -3.92 and -2.29 diopter (P=0.007). The spherical equivalent decreased by 1±3.2 diopter in the single-SEGMENT group and 2.56±1.58 diopter in the double-SEGMENT group (P=0.165). Mean preoperative astigmatism was 2.38±1.93 diopter which decreased to 2.14±1.1 diopter after surgery (P=0.508), 0.87±1.98 diopter decrease in the single-SEGMENT group and 0.67±1.2 diopter increase in the double-SEGMENT group (P=0.025). Nineteen patients (75%) gained one or two lines, and only three, who were all in the double-SEGMENT group, lost one or two lines of best corrected visual acuity. The spherical equivalent and vision significantly decreased in all patients. In these post-LASIK ectasia patients, the spherical equivalent was corrected better with two SEGMENTs compared to single SEGMENT implantation; nonetheless, the level of astigmatism in the single-SEGMENT group was significantly better than that in the double-SEGMENT group.

Ascariasis is a common worm infestation in developing and under-developed countries. It is caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with Ascaris eggs from faeces and is more common in places with poor sanitation. Almost 25% of the world population is infested by Ascaris lumbricoides. Although ascariasis is a chronic disease, it can present as acute abdomen rarely. The wandering nature of Ascaris in and out of the bowel causes various abdominal complications such as intestinal obstruction, perforation, biliary ascariasis, pancreatic ascariasis, liver abscess, appendicitis, and Meckel’ s diverticulitis. Intestinal obstruction is the most common complication seen in children and is usually due to mechanical bowel obstruction, volvulus or intussusception. Mechanical obstruction by a bolus of worms is the most common cause of bowel obstruction. Perforation of bowel is rarely reported and it usually occurs in the diseased SEGMENT of bowel or following trauma. Perforation of an ILEAL volvulus secondary to ascariasis has been reported rarely. We present a 4-year-old boy who presented to the emergency room with features of bowel perforation and sepsis, after unsuccessful management for intestinal obstruction in another hospital. On laparotomy, the small bowel was teaming with Ascaris worms. Ileum showed a volvulus with closed loop obstruction and perforation. Peritoneal lavage with resection and ileostomy was done, which was closed at a later date. Anti-helminthic agents were started postoperatively and the boy recovered uneventfully.

Introduction: We report a new modified technique of unaltered appendix transfer to ILEAL pouch and preserving ileocecal SEGMENT. This modification enables us to use ileum as the popular type of enteric SEGMENT instead of ileocecal SEGMENT while using appendix as a catheterizable stoma.Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients (30 men) who needed reconstruction of the lower urinary tract were enrolled for using appendix as a catheterizable stoma. Reservoir was reconstructed using ILEAL SEGMENT.The appendix was circumcised from its base over its pedicle. The spatulated appendix tip was exteriorized as a catheterizable stoma to the skin, preferably umbilicus, and its base was implanted to the ILEAL pouch.Results: Follow-up records of 38 of 45 patients were available. The median follow-up period was 29 months. The mean intermittent catheterization interval was 4.19 ± 1.6 hours. Urodynamic parameters were evaluated for 18 out of 38 patients. The median maximal pouch capacity determined as 380 mL. The median appendiceal closure pressure was 61 cm H2O. No pouch perforation occurred. Stomal stenosis occurred in 3 patients. They did not catheterize their appendiceal stoma because they restarted catheterization through the urethra.Conclusion: This novel approach enabled us to use ileum as today’s more popular type of bowel SEGMENT to reconstruct enteric pouch rather than using ileocecal SEGMENT, while using appendix as a catheterizable stoma. One of the unique advantages of this technique is that the postponement of clean intermittent catheterization will not result in pouch perforation since the urine will leak when the pouch become overfill.

In this research, the axial and shear force and bending moments in the SEGMENT lining of Sardasht dam water transfer tunnel are studied using both analytical and an explicit finite difference method, aiming to design a safe and stable lining. SEGMENT joints and their characteristics such as stiffness and distribution pattern were considered as the principal modeling factors. The results indicate that the existing thickness of the tunnel lining is safe and provides the appropriate load and moment bearing capacity.

Background & Aims: Single anastomosis sleeve ILEAL bypass (SASI) is one of the new surgical methods for morbid obese and diabetic patients. In this method, a combination of gastric sleeves and gastric bypass is performed, which has shown better results in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas and decreasing the body's insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of this method in the treatment of morbid obesity and comorbidities. Materials & Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases with English keywords of single-anastomosis sleeve ILEAL bypass, SASI, obesity, diabetes, and bariatric bypass surgery were used until October 1, 2021. Due to the novelty of this surgical procedure, there was only 7 articles. Results: In evaluating the effects of SASI surgical method in patients with morbid obesity, the results showed that fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index and hemoglobin A1C in the one-year follow-up were significantly changed (P=0. 05). Comorbidities, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, usually improved. Conclusion: SASI by-pass surgery is an effective, safe and simple method for the treatment of morbid obesity and comorbidities and has fewer nutritional side effects. The presence of two food passageways following SASI makes it possible to reduce malnutrition. It also allows the examination of digestive problems by endoscopy. . Therefore, it is an ideal way to reduce both weight and comorbidities.